9.1.4: Picking up ...-TEACH-

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

9.1.4: Picking up the pieces after the war

9. The Time of World Wars

The Big Four

Clemenceau

prime minister

France

Lloyd George

prime minister

Great Britain

Orlando

prime minister

Italy

Wilson

president

USA

Actually The Big Three....and Italy

The Big Four

Clemenceau

prime minister

France

Lloyd George

prime minister

Great Britain

Wilson

president

USA

Actually The Big Three....

The Big THREE

Clemenceau

prime minister

France

Lloyd George

prime minister

Great Britain

Wilson

president

USA

Important date in this lesson:

1918: November 11th: Signing the Armistice

1919: June 28th: Signing of Peace Treaty of Versailles

1920: founding of the League of Nations

What you will learn in 

this lesson

• that Germany was heavily punished by      the Treaty of Versailles
• how the map of Europe changed after the war
• recognise the impact of the Treaty of Versailles for Germany

Use these questions to make your own summary

The proclamation Of Wilhelm I as German emperor at Versailles, 1871. Bismarck, in the centre, is wearing a white uniform. Painting by Anton von Werner (1886).

The signing of the treaty of peace at Versailles, 28 June 1919

The signing of the treaty of peace at Versailles, 28 June 1919

American president Wilson was enthusiastically greeted by the people of Paris in 1919

American president Wilson was enthusiastically greeted by the people of Paris in 1919

8.  France will regain all territory including the               disputed land of Alsace-Lorraine.
9.  The borders of Italy will be established such              that all Italians will be within the country of              Italy.
10.  Austria-Hungary will be allowed to continue             to be an independent country.
11.   The Central Powers will evacuate Serbia,                  Montenegro, and Romania leaving them as              independent countries.
12.  The Turkish people of the Ottoman Empire              will have their own country. Other nationalities        under the Ottoman rule will also have security.
13.  Poland shall be an independent country.
14.   A League of Nations will be formed that                 protects the independence of all countries                no matter how big or small.

Wilson's Fourteen Points:

1. No more secret agreements between countries. Diplomacy shall be open to the world.
2. International seas shall be free to navigate during peace and war.
3. There shall be free trade between the countries who accept the peace.
4. There shall be a worldwide reduction in weapons and armies by all countries.
5. Colonial claims over land and regions will be fair.
6. Russia will be allowed to determine its own form of government. All German troops will leave Russian soil.
7. German troops will evacuate Belgium and Belgium will be an independent country.

The official opening of the League of Nations, 15 November 1920

• international organisation
• conflicts? talk instead of fight!
• prevent new war

The Big Four, 27th May, 1919. From left to right: Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Great Britain), Premier Vittorio Orlando (Italy), French Premier Georges Clemenceau, US President Wilson.

signing of the Treaty on June 18th, 1919, exactly 5 years after the assassination of the archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo

= attitude towards Germany

= reasons for this attitude

= main aim

Make a schematic overview in your notebook of the information in this task

Treat Germany harshly. Make the bastards pay for what they did. No mercy.

Treat Germany harshly, but don’t cripple it

Don't treat Germany too harshly. 

we suffered the least. A crippled Germany might be vengeful and start another war in the future. A crippled Germany is less likely to become democratic.

we want to trade again with Germany, so Germany’s economy must be rebuilt quickly.  

We suffered the most . We are closest to Germany, so we fear the most of a possible future aggressive Germany.

keep our colonies safe by taking away Germany’s fleet and colonies.

Turn Germany into a peaceful, democratic country. That’s the best way to preserve peace in the future.

Cripple Germany, make Germany pay reparations, get Alsace Lorraine back

Handout TASK

 

• Stick the schematic overview in your notebook. 
• Write the title: "The Treaty of Versailles, June 1919" above the schematic.
• Use information from the D&D (in the practise questions) + lesson 9.1.4 to fill in the schematic overview.

 TASK

 

Watch animation or search for information in lesson 9.1.4 (or somewhere else...

• Fill in the TERMS of the Treaty
• Do the MAP task

Stick all handouts in your notebook.

Not finished = HW

who got most out of the Treaty?

1. France
2. UK
3. USA
4. all of them equally

Treaty of Versailles (June 28th, 1919)

Territorial

Military

Financial & economic

And further:

only 100,000 men army

war reparations

Alsace Lorraine back to France

Colonies to France and Britain

Alleinschuld

no union with Austria

not in League of Nations

no navy, no air force

Rhineland demilitarised

West Prussia to Poland

Germany: the main culprit

On 28th June 1919, the Allies signed the Treaty of Versailles. In it was decided that Germany:

1. was not allowed to have an army bigger then a hundred thousand soldiers; its fleet had to be given to the Allies
2. had to give its colonies to France and Britain; Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France
3. had to give up ten percent of its territory
4. had to pay for the damage, caused by the war.
5. had to accept the full blame for WW1 (Alleinschuld)

The official opening of the League of Nations, 15 November 1920

• international organisation
• conflicts? talk instead of fight!
• prevent new war

The end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Another of Wilson’s principles was the right of national self-determination: Wilson believed that a nation sharing a common language or culture should be free to form its own nation state. They should be helped in any struggle for independence from empires or other autocratic rulers all over the world. He wanted to inspire smaller countries to govern themselves democratically. The other Allies had to agree with this right of national self-determination, because many people in Eastern Europe had already declared new states after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. At Paris, the Allies gave the nationalists the right to form new countries such as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Austria and Hungary became separate countries. The Austrians requested to become a part of Germany, but the Allies dismissed this idea because it would appear to be a reward for Germany. Millions of Germans suddenly became minorities in Poland or in Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia. This caused new tensions in Eastern Europe.

congratulations

congratulations

https:

Don't need to learn the Fourteen Points

 Learn the Big Three and their attitudes / goals

 Learn the Treaty terms + the changed map of Europe