Unit 17

Unit 17
Conjunctions and connectors
Before, hardly, first(ly), etc.
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 4

In deze les zitten 14 slides, met interactieve quizzen en tekstslides.

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Unit 17
Conjunctions and connectors
Before, hardly, first(ly), etc.

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Which words do you know that
can be used to connect clauses
and sentences to each other?

Slide 2 - Woordweb

Which of these do you think learner drivers find most difficult?
reversing around vorners
parking
getting into the correct lane
driving at night
overtaking
starting on a hill
changing gear
using the rear-view mirror

Slide 3 - Poll

In what order do Sahar and Claudio mention the advantages?
Sahar:
1

2

3

4
Claudio:
1

2

3

4
Sahar:
Claudio:
he passed on useful tips
he was always encouraging
he used a dual-control car
he could tell when she was ready to take her test
she was calm most of the time
he got lots of time to practise
she knew a quiet place to practise
he didn't have to pay for lessons

Slide 4 - Sleepvraag

Look at the sentences.
Which one is correct
A
Although it’s expensive having driving lessons, I’d really recommend it.
B
As long as it’s expensive having driving lessons, I’d really recommend it.
C
Apart from it’s expensive having driving lessons, I’d really recommend it.

Slide 5 - Quizvraag

Therefore..
  • It is important to use the right connector or conjunction.

  • They can change the meaning of a sentence!

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Before & Until
Sometimes we can use these words, with little meaning in difference.
  • She wouldn’t let me drive before I could control the car well.
  • She wouldn’t let me drive until I could control the car well.

  • But: 
    We use until, not before, when an action continues to a particular time and then stops.
I have to go to school until I get my diploma.

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Hardly, no sooner & scarcely
After hardly and scarcely we usually begin the second clause with when or before:
  • We had hardly stepped out of the house when it began to rain.
  • The city had scarcely changed in the past 20 years before it was renovated completely.

After no sooner we use than or when.
  • I had no sooner passed my test than/when my friends started asking me for lifts.

  • We often use the past perfect with hardly, scarcely and no sooner and the past simple in the other clause.

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

First(ly), at first, last(ly), at last
We use first or firstly to label the first point in a list:
  • First(ly), I would like to talk about…

We end the list with last or lastly:
  • Lastly, we should think about…

We use at first to indicate a contrast between two past situation:
  • At first I thought there were no people in the room.

We use at last to show that something has finally happened:
  • At last he arrived with the donuts.

To end a list we do not use at last, but finally or lastly:
  • Finally/Lastly, this is really important because...

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

However
However can be used in three ways.

  1. As a connector:
    I don’t know him. However, he still came sitting next to me.

  2. As an adverb:
    My instructor never got annoyed, however bad I was driving.

  3. As a conjunction when it means in ‘what ever way’
However I had the mirror positioned, I just couldn’t see the back of my car.

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

On the other hand & on the contrary
On the other hand is used to compare or contrast two statements.

  • School is boring. On the other hand, it is quite useful.

On the contrary is used to reject a statement.
  • Speaker A: School is boring.
  • Speaker B: On the contrary, it is a lot of fun.



Slide 11 - Tekstslide

Exercise 3.1 (page 122)
In pairs/groups of three:
Match the items joining them with the conjunction or sentence connector given between parentheses "()".

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Answers
2. H: She always finds time to talk to students no matter how busy she is. / No matter how busy she is, she…

3. A: The restaurant’s closed next Monday because it’s… / Because it’s a public holiday…

4. E: He’s a seismologist. That is to say he studies earthquakes.

5. F: Tuition fees have been increased. As a result the number of applications have fallen.

6. C: We travelled much faster once we got to the motorway. / Once we got…

7. B: The government is being urged to build more nuclear power stations. However such a move would be controversial.

8. G: He was wearing the same clothes as me except that his shoes were black.

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

Continue
In pairs / groups of three:
Continue working on exercises 3.2 - 3.4 on page 122 & 123.
Check the answers with the key in the back of your book.

Slide 14 - Tekstslide