Year 12 RISC vs CISC

• Computing
• Higher Education (non-degree)

Year 12 Processor instruction set

What is the difference between an arithmetic and logical operations?

What happens in the decode part of the FDE cycle?

What is the difference between high and low level language?

The processor instruction set (often referred to as the instruction set architecture or ISA) is the collection of all the basic operations that a processor (CPU) can perform. It defines the set of instructions that the processor understands and can execute, allowing software to interact with hardware.

The instruction set includes:

- Arithmetic operations (e.g., addition, subtraction)

-Logical operations (e.g., AND, OR, NOT)

-Data transfer operations (e.g., load, store)

- Control flow operations (e.g., jump, conditional branching)

-Comparison operations (e.g., equal, less than)

-Input/output operations (e.g., reading input, writing output)

Give 3 examples of an instruction set

Anything you know about RISC or CISC?

What is an advantage of RISC over CISC architecture?

Instructions are broken into two parts a OPCODE and OPERAND

Opcode (Operation Code): This is the part of the instruction that tells the processor what operation to perform. The opcode specifies the action, such as addition, subtraction, or data movement.

Operand: The operand is the data or value that the operation will work on. It can be a number, a register, or a memory address.

OPCODE

OPERAND

ADD

MOV

JMP

AND

SUB

 0x2000

5

R1

Immediate addressing embeds the operand within the instruction itself, while direct addressing requires accessing the operand from a specific memory location.

ADD R1, #5 is direct addressing?

1. true
2. false

ADD R1, [1000] is immediate addressing?

1. true
2. false

An assembler is used to translate assembly language into machine code?

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Translators are used to translate high-level languages into machine code?

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Load B ; Load the value of B into the accumulator

Add #5 ; Add the immediate value 5 to the accumulator (accumulator = B + 5)

Store A ; Store the result (B + 5) into memory location A