V4 - Unit 8

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 4

V4 - Unit 8: Being inventive

Speaking & reading: Crazy inventions

What is the craziest invention
you know?

Which invention(s) do you
like the most?

Which invention do you think
changed our lives the most?

1. Have a look at the inventions on page 53 of your book. Put them in order of when they were inventend, from oldest to newest.

2. Which one do you think are the most and least important?

Which invention do you use most frequently?

dishwasher

biro

toaster

watch

ring-pull can

Reading

Read the texts on crazy inventions on page 52.
 After reading, team up or work alone &
 do exercises 2-3. 

Vocabulary

• Read the vocabulary spot before doing exercises 2, 1, & 3 (in that order!)
• For ex 2: make 2 rows, postive & negative, and list the adjectives in the right one. Translate the adjectives as well (you need to study them for the test!) Make a 3rd list for the adjectives you think go with inventions
• For ex. 1: choose which adjective fits best in each sentence. Use the translations you've looked up for ex. 1 to help your understanding.
• For ex. 3:  Write sentences with 5 of these adjectives to describe your favourite and least favourite inventions of all time.

Listening

Use the fragment posted here to do exercises 1 & 2 of listening on page 54. 

Unit 8 listening

Grammar: modals & semi-modals

Modals & semi-modals are 'helping' (auxiliary) verbs used to express notions such as ability, permission, possibility, necessity, obligation, advice, suggestion, or prediction. You will encounter most of them in Grammar hand-out 2. Today we will look at & revise the modals:

• must/mustn't
• ought to & should
• will & would

must/mustn't

• must is used to express obligations: You must do exactly what the exam questions ask you to do.
  The past form of 'must' in this case is had to: We had to write two essays on last week's test.
• musn't is used to express prohibition: You musn't talk during the exam.
  
  

• must can also be used to make deductions from evidence & express certainty: That must be John coming up the steps, I recognize his footsteps!
  The past form here is must have + past participle: The train is late, the heavy snow must have caused delays.
  The future form is must be going to + infinitive: They bought lots of paint, they must be going to decorate.
• must & mustn't are used to give strong advice: You mustn't give up hope!
  
• must & mustn't are used to make recommendations: You must see this film, it's brilliant!
  
• must & mustn't are used to talk about strong necessity: We must go or we'll miss the train.

ought to & should

These are used to say the following: 

The past forms are ought to have + past participle & should have + past participle: You ought to have/ should have told us you were coming.

will & would

• these are used to make polite invitations and requests. Would is the more polite form: Will/Would you sit here, please?
• will/won't are used to describe habits and characteristic behaviour. If will is stressed, it indicated irritation with or a negative opinion of the habit: He will watch TV all evening. He won't talk for hours.
• would/wouldn't are used to talk about past habits and characteristics. If would is  stressed, it indicated irritation with or a negative opinion of the habit: Every evening she would sit int he garden reading her newspaper. She wouldn't stop until she'd read every page.
• will is used to express demands, insist that something happens in the future, or express determination: You will do as I do as I say immediately!

Practice:

Use these links to practice. Do at least 4 of them and make sure you can proof that you've done them. They are of course also part of Grammar hand-pout 2.

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-obligation-exercise-1.html

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/have-to-must-should/

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/speculation-deduction/

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/modal-verbs-permission-obligation-prohibition-necessity/

https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/241_01.htm

https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/241_02.htm

https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/241_03.htm

Exam Folder 4

Exam folder 4 is key word transformation. This means that you need to change the sentence to a new one with the same meaning. In doing so, you need to use the key word given.

Watch the video ont he next slide before moving on to exercises 1-6. Check your work.