H5 Cities, States and the Church

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H5 Cities, States and the Church

Timeline

Time of cities and states

1000 AD - 1500 AD

Lesson goals

- You can name the causes of the rise of cities in the Late Middle Ages

- You can explain how a monetary economy arose.

- You can explain, based on a medieval example, how Hanseatic cities were connect and why their collaboration had its' advantages

5.1 Trade and the rise of cities

Rise of cities

Around the year 1000 AD: Flourishing cities and trade

Two causes for this.

Cause 1: Agricultural improvements:

- Iron plough

- Arabic neck yoke

- Three field crop rotation

Three field crop rotation system

Agricultural method: Every year the piece of land would get another purpose . 1st year: summer  grain, 2nd year: Winter grain and the third: Nothing. The soil wasn't used so it could restore itself.

Cause 2

Extraction (= ontginning): Preparing grounds for agriculture by building dykes and the draining of swamps.

Rise of cities

More profits in agriculture -> grow of population -> other agricultural profits are sold at markets = cities arise were roads cross each other

Change

Farmers go to the city -> Crafts people / merchant

= Agricultural-urban society.

Because of trade ==> monetary economy

Hanseatic cities

Hanseatic cities

Collaboration between rich cities in The Netherlands and Northern Germany.

Big advantages were:

1. Travel together = is a lot safer.
2. Make agreements together. For example: Paying less taxes to the lord. Merchants use the same coins,sizes and weights.
3.  Monopoly. Hanseatic cities could only trade certain goods and not with rival merchants.

Homework

Do: H5.1

Pages: 66/67

Ex.: 3 t/m 16a

Where did most cities arise

1. In the mountains
2. At points where roads crossed
3. Close to forests
4. At the see

What was a consequence of the growth of the population in the cities?

1. Agricultural improvements
2. Hanseatic cities
3. Agricultural-urban society
4. Monetary economy

What was the function of the Hanseatic cities?

1. Collaboration between rich cities in the Netherlands and Northern Germany
2. Travel safely
3. Paying less taxes
4. Trade in certain goods

What agricultural method led to a better profit of the soils?

1. Severe grounds
2. iron plough
3. Three field rotation system
4. Arabic neck yoke

What were two causes for the rise of cities around 1000 AD?

1. Trade
2. Agricultural improvements
3. Extraction
4. Grow of the population

Lesson goals

- You can explain name the social layers within a medieval ciity and explain how the craftspeople were organised.

- You can explain why city priviliges show that cities in the Late Middle Ages received more power than the nobility class. 

- You can explain how cities were governed.

5.2 The Medieval city

Bourgeoisie

Rich merchants and craftsmen = board of the city 

Poor labourers and jobless people

= are in need of help from the church and rich people

Guilds

People with the same crafts/occupation became member of an association= Guild 

Functions of a Guild:

• Members help each other in times of illness.
• If someone died, they would take care of the family.
• The checked the quality of the products
• They determined the price of the product.

Masterpiece

• Knowledge about the crafts were passed on to the next generation
• Boys became student of a guild.
• Journeyman (assistant) = you know the basics of the craft
• Take the exam: Masterpiece

study.com

City priviliges

Inhabitants of the city had to obey to the Lord (for example, an earl), but want more influence in their society

 ->

Agreements between the inhabitants and the Lord:

1. Self government
2. Build city wall
3. Organise markets
4. Pay taxes

Peppels

Go to Media --> medieval city docx. --> Download file --> Read questions and answer them while watching the clip.

City law court

Consists of:

1. Bailiff: President of the city law court. He was appointed by the lord of that area.

2. Aldermen: Judges appointed by well-know and rich burghers

5 Functions

1. Solve crimes together

2. judging

3. Made sure that a punishment would be carried out

4. Take care of security and defense of the city

5. declare what set of rules burghers had to obey

= form the government of the city

Who is the chairman of the city law court?

1. Bailiff
2. Mayor
3. Aldermen
4. Lord

What were the agreements between the citizens and the lord when they received city rights?

1. Paying taxes
2. Organise markets
3. Self government
4. Build a city wall

Homework

Do: H5.2

Pages: 72/73

Exercises: 4 t/m 12

Lesson goals

- You can explain what the Christian belief entailed in the Late Middle Ages

- You can describe how the Church was organised in the Late Middle Ages.

-  You can explain how the Church dealt with people who thought differently.

5.3 The Church in the Late Middle Ages

The Catholic Church

• Every city had its own priest
• More cities together form a diocese (=bisdom). They are governed by a bishop.
• Bishops were appointed by the Pope
• The Pope lived in Vatican city in Rome

What did people believe?

• Life after death: If you had committed a sin, you would be punished and you would go to hell
• Life on earth is ''time before you will ascend to heaven.''
• Pray to God and to Saints
• Go on pilgrimage to holy place (Jerusalem)
• People gave a lot of money to the Church
• What does this tell us about the role of the Christian Church during the Middle Ages?

What did the Catholic church do with people who had other religious beliefs?

• Heresy= people who didn't keep themselves to the official teachings of the Catholic church.
• Jews were discriminated and prosecuted (Church supported this violence)
• Muslim people were the enemy
• Crusades were organised by the Catholic church to liberate the ''Holy land'' of Muslim people.

What did people do to get to heaven?

1. Go on pilgrimage to hell
2. Give money to the church
3. Pray to God and all Saints
4. Lived on earth without spending any free time

Where does the Pope live?

1. In Jerusalem
2. The Vatican in Rome
3. In London
4. In Paris

Who appoints bisshops?

1. The Pope
2. The people who believe
3. The priests
4. The King