8.3.B. Isms

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

AGE 8. The Time of Citizens and Steam Engines

8.3 The rise of the -isms

Name an -ism
(for example: socialism)

In today's class

1. What is the difference between political views such as socialism, liberalism, confessionalism and feminism?

Trias Politica, three powers:

legislative

executive

judicial

who?

who?

who?

what they do:

what they do:

what they do:

carry out the laws

parliament

judges

punish those who break the law

make the laws

government

liberalism

• liberty = freedom
• liberals were the people who wanted to spread the Enlightenment ideas further.
• They believe in more freedom for common people: freedom of
• -speech
• -religion
• -trade
• They were the opposites of conservatives

liberalism 

• Johan Rudolf Thorbecke rewrote the new constitution  
• Liberals fought for the seperation of power between the government, judges and parliament (trias politica)

conservatism

• conservatives want to keep (conserve) old norms and values.

• They don't want change.

• So they hated the Enlightenment ideas and the French Revolution.

• After 1815, conservatives reinstated  monarchies in Europe again.
• They turned back the clock.

1840-1848: 

King Willem II

• Conservative

• Rules like an absolute monarch

• Doesn't like democracy

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

REACTION

REACTION

CONSERVATISTS

LIBERALS

SOCIALISTS

Back to the "old ways"

absolute monarchy

no democracy

Old ways? NO

We want FREEDOM

a constitution that gives rights and power to the people

Also: freedom of TRADE

Government: don't make rules for businesses

freedom of Trade? NO

That leads to the SOCIAL ISSUE

We want EQUALITY 

Government : make social laws and protect the workers

before

after

 Read the statements (left) and choose whether the statement describes the situation before or after the constitutional reform of Thorbecke.

The king made all the laws, parliament could give advice.

Tweede Kamer is directly chosen by the electorate.

The king had no real power anymore.

All the financial affairs were decided by the king.

Ministers became responsible for carrying out the laws.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

liberals & socialists: main differences:

       LIBERALS:

• NO government influence in the economy.
• success is your own responsibility (take care of yourself)

       SOCIALISTS:

• Government must influence the economy (social laws) 
• the weak should not be left to take care for themselves.

12. Which statement is true?

Statement I: Socialists believe that the weak in society should take care of themselves.
Statement II: Liberals believe that competition is bad for the economy.

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

13. Which idea is NOT favoured by liberals?

1. Trias Politica
2. journalists can write what they want
3. the government must strictly control the economy.
4. religion plays no role in the government.

15a. Liberals want freedom foremost, but also equality.
How would a liberal look at these statements?

Statement I: everybody is equal under the law
Statement II: wealth should be divided equally

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

15b. How would a socialist look at these same statements?

Statement I: everybody is equal under the law
Statement II: wealth should be divided equally

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

liberalism

socialism

16. Drag the words left to the correct place.

No economic restrictions from government

Redistribute wealth

Poor people

Protection by the government

Rich people

freedom of opinion

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

confessionalism 

• the country should be ruled from a religious viewpoint

• confessionalists were Christians, but they were split up between:
•         protestants
•         catholics

• the opposite of confessional is secular (= not based on religion)

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

feminism 

men and women are equal, and so they should have the same rights, such as the right to vote.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

verzuiling 

• Dutch society used to be "verzuild". 
• Every group existed in its own "bubble" (zuil) and did not mix with other groups.
• The four main 'zuilen' were:
•     protestants
•     catholics
•     liberals
•     socialists

= confessional

= secular 

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

Complete this overview

Funding for their own schools

Factory owners

small

big

equality

Right to vote for all men

small

Christians

liberty

factory workers

woman

Right for women to vote

 The three political philosophies you learned about in this lesson still exist today. In which political party do we see which philosophy?

liberalism

confessionalism

socialism

The birth of CINEMA

Your task:

Make a short film (20 - 40 sec.) in which you show a visual effect like it was made by the early filmmakers. (do research if necessary)

Work in groups of 3

Hand in the result on Friday.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

The invention of CINEMA changed the world

• In 1895 the Lumière brothers presented the first moving pictures to a paying audience in Paris. This was the beginning of CINEMA.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

• Films were short and silent. Live (piano) music enhanced the emotional experience.
• Subjects: local scenes, foreign lands and short comedies.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

George Méliès (1861 - 1938)

• This French moviemaker was the first to use special effects.

• He is the "father" of the science fiction films.

• His most famous film is "Trip to the moon", from 1902.

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