Reported speech - 3rd years

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Today's lesson

Introduction to reported speech (a.k.a as indirect speech - indirecte rede) 

Wat is het verschil? 

Direct speech - is wat je hoor als iemand iets zegt.  Komt tussen "......"

Indirect/Reported speech - is wanneer je doorverteld wat iemand anders heeft gezegd.

Direct - "I love football," said Kate

Indirect - Kate said that she loved football.

What changes and how? (3 things - what are they?)
Direct: June : "It is my birthday today"
Indirect: June said that it was her birthday that day.

What has changed?

 Direct: June said, "It is my birthday today"

      Indirect: June said that it was her birthday that day.

Pronoun:  My  >>> becomes >>>  her

Tense:   is  >>> becomes >>>  was

Time word:   today >>> becomes >>>  that day

Pronouns change

(Speaker) said that (he, she, etc)...

Direct speech - "I fancy a cup of tea," said Jane

Indirect speech - Jane said that she fancied a cup of tea.

Tense change: 

Tenses change. 

What do you think the rule might be?  

John (Direct speech): " I am really hungry"

Amy (Reported speech): John said that he was really hungry.

John (Direct): "I am meeting Paul for dinner" 

Amy (Reported): John said he was meeting Paul for dinner. 

John (Direct): "I need something to eat now"

Amy (Reported): John said that he needed something to eat then. 

Backshift 

Present simple --------------------

Present continuous --------------

Present perfect --------------------

Present perfect continuous ----

Past simple -------------------------

Past continuous -------------------

Past perfect - stays the same

Past perfect continuous - stays the same

Past simple

Past continuous

Past perfect

Past perfect continuous

Past perfect

Past perfect continuous

The ones in black are the ones you need to know at the moment

Last night ----> the night before

Last year -----> the year before

Last Tuesday -----> the Tuesday before

Three steps - Direct to Indirect Speech

1.  Identify the tense and shift back

2. Change the pronouns

3. Change the time expressions

Colin : " I am running late" ---> Colin said that .....

Jenny: " I was free yesterday" ----> Jenny said that .........

Modal verbs (Direct vs Indirect)

Can becomes Could

Will become Would

Would stays as Would

Direct - "I can't go to school," said Tim

Indirect - Tim said that he couldn't go to school

Tenses in reported speech...?

1. Stay the same: present continuous stays present continuous. I am working --> I am working.
2. Go from past tense to present tense. Past simple becomes present simple. I was --> I am.
3. Go a tense back in time: present simple --> past simple. I work --> I worked.
4. Go to a future tense: present simple becomes future simple I sleep --> I will/going to sleep.

We use reported speech to:

1. To give someone a rough idea what the other person has said.
2. To summarise in your own words what someone said.
3. To tell someone exactly what another person has said.

Which tense is this sentence in:
I have never liked cabbage

1. Present simple
2. Past simple
3. Present perfect
4. Past perfect

The sentence in the last slide was in the Present perfect.
If we backshift a tense from the Present perfect we use the....

1. Present simple
2. Past simple
3. Present perfect
4. Past perfect

"I can see the clouds.".
He told me that she ________ the clouds.

1. can see
2. could see
3. can saw
4. could saw

"He will come tomorrow".
She told me that he ________ the following day.

1. is coming
2. will come
3. would come

"I have taken the car"
She said that ....................the car.

1. had taken
2. she has taken
3. she had took
4. she had taken

John: "I am watching Netflix"
He said that ....................Netflix

1. she was watching
2. he is watching
3. he was watching
4. he watched

"The film started at 8pm"
Jeff said that...................at 8pm

1. the film had started
2. the film has started
3. the film would start
4. the film started

Write the indirect/reported speech

1. Tracy said, 'I am really hungry' = Tracy said that ........

2. Joe said, 'I will get some food'

3. Tony said, 'It's getting dark outside'

4. Diana said, 'We haven't spoken to James'

5. Tom said, 'I can help you with your homework'

6. Molly said, 'I went shopping yesterday' 

Questions in reported speech

"Is this the right way to the library?" asked the man

The man asked (me) if this was the right way to the library. 

"Who is that person?" asked Donna (to the group)

Donna asked (us) who that person was

If you get a -wh question word, use it in the reported speech 

Write the questions in reported speech

"Can you type Stan?" she asked.   She asked if.......................

Harry : "Have you seen my pen?" Harry asked if I....

"Would you like some coffee?" he asked. 

"Will they get to the party on time?" asked Jenny. 

"Where is my umbrella?" asked Doris. 

"Who is going to the party?" he asked 

Continue with.......

Back shift exercise 

Pronouns exercise 

Simple statements

Mixed tenses exercise

Questions exercise 

How confident do you feel about this grammar? (0 = not at all, 10 = totally)

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