Types of Rocks and Their Formation

Types of Rocks and Their Formation

Learning Objectives

Identify and describe the three major types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Understand the processes of formation for each type of rock and give examples. Distinguish between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and explain their textural differences. Recognize the role of sedimentation in the formation of sedimentary rocks and identify examples. Comprehend the transformation of rocks under heat and pressure, leading to the formation of metamorphic rocks.

What do you already know about the types of rocks?

Definition and Composition of Rocks

Rocks are natural masses of mineral matter forming the earth's crust, varying in color, size, and texture.

Classification of Rocks

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Formation and Characteristics of Igneous Rocks

Formed from cooled molten magma. Intrusive and extrusive types. Textural differences.

Process of Sedimentation

Formation of sedimentary rocks through compaction and cementation of sediments.

Transformation into Metamorphic Rocks

Alteration of existing rock types under heat and pressure.

Summary and Examples

Examples of each rock type and their formation processes.

Types of Rocks and Their Formation

Rock: A natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth's crust. Igneous Rock: Rock formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Sedimentary Rock: Rock formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic Rock: Rock formed by the alteration of existing rock types under heat and pressure. Intrusive Igneous Rock: Rock formed from magma that cools and solidifies beneath the earth's surface, resulting in large grains. Extrusive Igneous Rock: Rock formed when magma erupts onto the surface as lava, cools quickly, and solidifies with a fine-grained structure. Sediments: Small fragments of rocks and minerals that are transported and deposited by wind, water, etc. Fossil: The remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form.

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