classification

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 1

make your own species!
give it a name (genus+species) 5 min!

4 Kingdoms: 

• Animals
• Plants
• Fungi
• Bacteria

Bacteria

Different cell types in different organisms 

     Bacteria                  Fungi                      Animal                    Plant

Living as a bacterium

Bacteria reproduce through cell division

Useful bacteria?

Discussion point

Can bacteria actually be useful? Discuss this with your neighbour. Try to think of ways why or how bacteria can be useful. 

Useful bacteria

Most bacteria are useful:

• Help digest food in our intestines
• Kill harmful bacteria on our skin
• Feed on dead organisms
• Can be used in making food: Yoghurt, Sauerkraut

Antibiotics

Medicins against infections caused by bacteria. 

They kill the bacteria and slow down their growth

Which shapes do bacteria have?

The kingdom of fungi

FINISH THE SENTENCE. Fungi are ...

1. Unicellular
2. Multicellular
3. Both

The thin threads fungi can have are called...

1. Flagella
2. Fungi-threads
3. Yeast
4. Hyphae

Which of the following statements about fungi is NOT true?

1. Fungal cells do not have a cell wall
2. Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular
3. Fungal cells have a vacuole
4. Fungal cell have a nucleus

Plant kingdom

             Plants which make spores (seedless plants)

          Plants which make seeds (seed producing plants)

Photosynthesis

All plants and algae, some bacteria

Reproduction (new babies)

Fish                            Mammal

Amphibien           Reptile

Bird

How do plants reproduce?

Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction

Birds

• Live on land + in the air
• Eggs fertilized internally + have hard, chalky shells
• Warm-blooded
• Body is covered with feathers
• breath with lungs

Fish

• Aquatic
• Most lay soft eggs 
• Some are livebearing
• Cold-blooded
• Scales
• Gills

Mammals

• Live on land
• Eggs fertilized internally
• Have milk for their young
• Warm-blooded
• Hair or fur
• Breath with lungs

Amphibians (Amfibiën)

• Can live on water and land
• lay eggs with soft shells
• cold-blooded
• don't have scales.
• undergo metamorphosis.

Reptiles

• Live only on land
• Eggs fertilized internally + have hard, leathery shells
• Cold-blooded
• Lungs
• Dinosaurs were also reptiles

Phyla of the animal kingdom

• Sponges
• Cnidarians
• Molluscs
  
• Arthropods 
• Echinoderms
• Vertebrates 

The Kingdom of Animals

Molluscs

• soft bodies protected by one or two shells

in Dutch 'weekdier' 

Cnidarians (Neteldieren)

• One opening for eating and waste.
• tantacles around the mouth.
• Have hollow sac-like bodies.

jellyfish/ anemone

Types of symmetry

• bilateral symmetry

1 line

• radial symmetry

More than 1 line

• Asymmetric

no lines

Worms (Wormen)

Worms (Wormen)

• Flatworm: long flat body, one opening, live in water
• Roundworm: long threadlike body, live in soil
• segmented worms: long body with segments, live in the sea or soil.

Flatworms and roundworms can be parasites.

echinoderms

Echinoderms

• Examples: sea urchins and starfish 
• Hard, spiny covering
• 5 identical parts
• Tube-like feet

• There is even one species of echinoderms that are called sea cucumbers! (see image)

Sea urchin = zee-egel

Starfish = zeester

Next week

Team up in a group of 2/3

make a (short) presentation of +/- 2 minutes of one of the following basics using a poster

3.3 Cnidarians

3.4 Worms

3.5 Molluscs

3.6 Echinoderms