4.3 Birth of an Empire

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4.3 Birth of an Empire

Right: Statue of emperor Nero

Left: Reconstruction of what he looked like in real life

Most power

Least power

Slaves

Patricians

2 Consuls

300 senators

Plebeians

''[R] Rich plebeians who could veto the consuls'' Who is this referring to?

1. Senators
2. Consuls
3. Kings
4. People's tribunes

[R] Who was the new enemy of Rome in the Mediterranean Sea?

Planning for this lesson

Instruction 3.3 Birth of an Empire (with notes)

Emperor's passport

Goals for this lesson

At the end of this lesson you will be able to...

• Understand why generals were the cause of the fall the republic.
• Understand how Rome became a monarchy again with the Emperors.

Gaius Marius (c. 105 BC)

• Famous general.
• Changed the army= soldiers get a piece of loot and land after 25 years.
• Effect= very loyal soldiers.

Thanks to Marius generals became more popular and therefore also more powerful

Triumph

• Roman soldiers were very loyal to their general -> very strong motivated armies.
• Used against the Germanic Tribes.
• Successful generals would get a Triumph.

A triumph for a Roman general: They even built a triumph arch for him.

[I] Why could famous generals become danger to the Republic?

Julius Caesar (what do you know about him)

Return of the King?

•  Julius Caesar was a famous general= got 3 triumphs.
• He conquered Gaul (France).
• Senate was scarred that he wanted to be king.

Julius Caesar: He was famous with his soldiers and with the plebeians.

The senate hated him because they thought he wanted to become a king.

Civil War

• JC took his army to Rome -> result was a civil war = war between people of the same country.
• JC won and made himself a dictator for 10 years.

Sometimes even brothers were fighting on different sides in the civil war

A new Caesar

•  Octavian manages to seize power.
• Calls himself Augustus (The honoured one).
• Becomes monarch of the Empire= emperor

Emperor Austustus was the nephew of Julius Caesar. He managed to punish the murderers of Caesar and became the absolute ruler of Rome. This was the end of the Republic.

Emperor= Keizer

[IOfficialy Rome remained a Republic under Augustus. Explain while say it was actualy an Empire

Goals for this lesson

At the end of this lesson you will be able to...

• Understand why generals were the cause of the fall the republic.
• Understand how Rome became a monarchy again with the Emperors

On a scale of 1-10. How difficult was this lesson for you?

010

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4.3 Birth of an Empire

Right: Statue of emperor Nero

Left: Reconstruction of what he looked like in real life