Unit 5 - Grammar

• Engels
• MBO
• Studiejaar 2

Unit 5 

Grammar

Adverbs or adjectives

• Adjectives give an attribute to a noun (or pronoun).
  
• Adjectives may come before the word they modify:
  
    - That is a cute puppy.
    - He has black hair.
• But adjectives can also follow the word they modify:
    - That puppy is cute.
    - His hair is black.

My best friend Billy

My best friend Billy is funny. He has blond hair and brown eyes. He always has a big smile. He is very short and always wears blue jeans and a large sweater. Billy likes to play soccer with his little sister.

Look at the words park used to describe Billy.
Write the words down that say something about his looks (his hair, eyes, smile or clothes).

What is the adjectives in the following sentence?
Mandy is a pretty girl.

What is the adjectives in the following sentence?
Max is a good singer.

What is the adjectives in the following sentence?
He is a terrible driver

What is the adjectives in the following sentence?
Kevin is clever.

Adverbs or adjectives

• Take a look at the underlined words in the following sentences.
    - She sat down quietly.
    - He quickly reads a book.
    - The class is terribly loud today.
• You know adjectives give an extra attribute to a noun. But how about the underlined words in the sentences? What words do they give an attribute to?
  
• The words give an attribute to a verb or adjective .

Adverbs or adjectives

• Look at the differences between adverbs and adjectives.
    - She sits down quietly          - She is quiet
    - Davy talks loudly                    - Davy is loud
    - He runs quickly                       - He is quick
• What difference do you notice?

Adverbs or adjectives

• Je zet achter het bijvoeglijk naamwoord ly.
  wonderful -- wonderfully                nice -- nicely
• Eindigt het bijvoeglijk naamwoord op y dan wordt dit ily.
  easy -- easily                hungry -- hungrily
• Eindigt het bijvoeglijk naamwoord op le dan wordt dit ly.
  terrible -- terribly                adorable -- adorably
• Eindigt het bijvoeglijk naamwoord op ic(al) dan wordt dit ically.
  ironic -- ironically                tipical -- tipically

The young girl quickly ran back to her mother.

You can easily open this tin.

He drives the blue car carefully.

The big dog barks loudly at the little one.

She happily agreed to his generous offer.

Are the following words adverbs or adjectives?

Adverb

(bijwoord)

Adjective

(Bijvoeglijk

naamwoord)

young

quickly

easily

carefully

big

loudly

little

happily

generous

blue

The young girl quickly ran back to her mother.

You can easily open this tin.

He drives the blue car carefully.

The big dog barks loudly at the little one.

She happily agreed to his generous offer.

How much do you remember about the present simple and present continuous?

He ... (drive) to work every day.

I ...(working) right now.

... we ... (have) enough time?

I always ... (eat) cereal in the morning.

... they ... (talk) at the moment, or may I ask something?

He ususally ... (not read) the newspaper.

Past simple (form)

• The past simple form of the verb is identical to the base form in all persons.
  
• Add -ed to the regular verb.
  
• look - looked, watch - watched,

Past simple (form)

Some verbs you may need to change a bit: 

Of course these rules don’t apply to the irregular verbs.

Begin – began

Is - was

Past simple

We use the past simple when:

- talking about something that happened at a specific time in the past.

   - First Bob read a book, then he went to bed yesterday night.

   - I had a great time in America last year.

Sometimes the context can be a clear indication of time, then the past simple tense is used without the presence of an indication of past time.

   - Shakespeare lived in Stratford.

Past simple

Some words may signal you that you must use the past simple tense. For example:

 

• last week,
  
• when I was a child,
  
• yesterday,
  
• ages ago,
  

• a long time ago
  
• often,
  
• sometimes,
  
• always
  

Past simple

There are three types of sentences:

Affirmative

• I worked.
  

Negative

• I didn’t work.
  

Interrogative

• Did I work?
  

The affirmative form is ‘the normal form’.

The negative and interrogative sentences in English are formed using the auxiliary (hulpwerkwoord) did or didn’t.

Simple past (negative)

The negative form of the Simple past is obtained by adding did not (didn’t) before the base form of the verb:

I didn't work

You didn't go there

He didn't want to

Simple past (interrogative)

The interrogative form of the simple Past is obtained with the auxiliary did in front of the subject.

Did it work?

Did you go there?

Did he want to?

Simple past (interrogative)

The Wh – questions (questions that use adjectives and interrogative pronouns like What, Where, Why, When, Which, Who) are formed by putting the adjective or interrogative pronoun Wh – at the beginning of the interrogative phrase. Here are some examples:

Why did it work?

How did you go there?

When do we use the Simple Past?

1. When an action is in the future.
2. When an action was in the past and finished the past.
3. When an action was in the past and continues in the present and may continue in the future.

Simple Past (voor reguliere werkwoorden) is:

1. was/were + hele werkwoord
2. was/were + -ing vorm
3. werkwoord + -ing
4. werkwoord + ed

Past Simple: cry

Past Simple of:
try

Past Simple: stop

Past Simple: listen

Jack ...(finish) work an hour ago.

Nu helemaal zelf, wat is het Simple past of Present perfect en denk aan de juiste vervoeging!

Past continuous 

Past continuous (form)

The present continuous form is formed using was/were + present participle (-ing form).

I was walking. 

You were dancing. 

He was working. 

They were smiling. 

Past Continuous (form)

So we use:

- was or were

- verb (werkwoord) + ing

to create the past continuous.

I was teaching English yesterday. (to teach)

Past Continuous

We use the past continuous:

• to describe conditions that existed in the past.
  

          As I spoke, the children were laughing at my cleverness.

• to describe something that was happening continuously in the past when another action interrupted it.
  

          I was making dinner when she arrived.

Past continuous

• you can also use a specific time as an interruption.
         At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
• The past continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past.
          I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
  
  
• In the simple past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the past continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.
          Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.
          I was already eating at 6 PM.

Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing".

Past continuous

• The affirmative form is ‘the normal form’.
      You were watching TV.
• Interrogative sentences are indicated by inverting the subject and am/is/are.
      Were you watching TV?
• Negatives are made with not.
      You were not watching TV.

Which sentence is the PAST CONTINUOUS?

1. I worked at home last week
2. I was working at home, when the doorbell rang
3. I am working at home at the moment
4. I work at home every day

Past continuous or past simple:
When I came home, Yara ______(chat) with a friend.

Past continuous or past simple:
Hamza _____(sleep) and Amir ______(listen) to music.
(tweede antwoord op volgende regel)

Past continuous or past simple:
I ___ (dance) when I ___ (trip).
(tweede antwoord op volgende regel)

Practise

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