In deze les zitten 39 slides, met interactieve quizzen, tekstslides en 1 video.
Lesduur is: 45 min
Onderdelen in deze les
Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union
Today
Communism and Totalitarianism
The Soviet Union under Stalin
Slide 1 - Tekstslide
communism
capitalism
Make the correct combinations
businesses / industry are owned by the state
big difference between poor and rich
you work to make a profit for yourself
farmers must sell their crops to the state
the state controls the economy (planned economy) )
Slide 2 - Sleepvraag
Totalitarian State
In a totalitarian state the government has almost complete power over citizens
Three examples in the 1920s/1930s:
Soviet Union (communist/extreme left)
Italy (fascist/extreme right)
Germany (fascist/extreme right)
Slide 3 - Tekstslide
Give some examples of Totalitarianism in Nazi Germany
Slide 4 - Open vraag
Totalitarian State
The Dictators who rule Totalitarian states don't usually think they are evil or bad
People like Hitler and Stalin believed that what they did was for the 'greater good', that it was a kind of sacred mission to improve (some) people's lives
Slide 5 - Tekstslide
What did Hitler try to do?
Who did he believe he was helping?
Slide 6 - Tekstslide
What did Hitler believe? Who did he believe he was helping?
Slide 7 - Open vraag
Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union
Take notes when you see the icon and answer the following questions:
How did Stalin and Communist Party turn the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state?
Slide 8 - Tekstslide
Slide 9 - Tekstslide
The Soviet Union in brief
1917 October Revolution - Communists seize power
After the communists win a brutal civil war Russia and its empire become the Soviet Union (until 1990)
A totalitarian state which tried to create a communist paradise
Spoiler alert - no communist paradise
Slide 10 - Tekstslide
The Soviet Union in brief
Slide 11 - Tekstslide
Lenin - the first leader of the Soviet Union in 1919
Slide 12 - Tekstslide
Lenin
He develops the totalitarian state:
Secret Police
Terror and ‘purification’
Gulags (Russian concentration camps) for opponents
Lenin dies in 1924, Stalin and Trotsky fight to become the next leader
Slide 13 - Tekstslide
Stalin wins the battle to become the next leader
Priority Number 1: Make Russia powerful
Propaganda poster. The text says: ‘And Stalin raised us to be loyal to the people, inspired us to work and to deeds!’, Leonid Golovanov, 1949,
Slide 14 - Tekstslide
Stalin had two goals
1. Turn the Soviet Union into a modern communist superpower:
Industry: Five-Year Plans
Agriculture: Collectivisation
Slide 15 - Tekstslide
Stalin had two goals
1. Turn the S.U into a modern communist superpower:
Industry: Five-Year Plans
Agriculture: Collectivisation
2. Turn the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state:
Great Purge/Terror: kill all opponents of the Revolution
Cult of Personality: use propaganda to make him into superhuman hero
Slide 16 - Tekstslide
Slide 17 - Tekstslide
Five Year Plans. (1928 - '32), (1933 - '37)
Stalin wanted to develop industry - coal, oil, steel, electricity.
Factories, dams, power-stations, whole new cities built.
Industries are given 5 year targets to meet.
Slide 18 - Tekstslide
Propaganda poster: "we will achieve the Five Year plan in four years"
Slide 19 - Tekstslide
Slide 20 - Tekstslide
Failure to meet targets = arrest / Gulags in Siberia
Slide 21 - Tekstslide
Five Year Plans.
Results?
progress is made, but...
many industrial accidents, many deaths
harsh penalties for failure, many sent to Gulags
Slide 22 - Tekstslide
2. AGRICULTURE: Collectivisation.
What?
Russian farming backward and inefficient
Richer farmers (kulaks) often killed or sent to work camps (Gulags)
Millions of tiny farms to be forcibly gathered into large state-run farms (= collective farms = "kolchoz")
Surplus grain used to buy modern machinery abroad for modern farming or to feed the population needed in the cities for industrial growth.
Slide 23 - Tekstslide
Collectivation
State propaganda shows that the policy was a big success
Supported by many poorer farmers but....
Slide 24 - Tekstslide
Holodomor
Ukraine
1932 - 1933
'Death by Hunger'
3.3 - 7.5 million deaths by famine
Slide 25 - Tekstslide
Food exported even as people were starving
Anyone who complained was sent to the Gulags
Slide 26 - Tekstslide
One death is a tragedy.
A million deaths is simply a statistic
Slide 27 - Tekstslide
Slide 28 - Video
Stalin had two goals
1. Turn the S.U into a modern communist superpower:
Industry: Five-Year Plans
Agriculture: Collectivisation
2. Turn the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state:
Great Purge/Terror: kill all opponents
Cult of Personality: use propaganda to make him into superhuman hero
Slide 29 - Tekstslide
The Great Purge/Terror (1930s)
What?
Stalin's efforts to eliminate all opposition to his power.
Millions of "enemies of the state" were arrested, sent to gulags or executed.
Show trials were held to give the impression of a fair justice system, but the outcome ("guilty") of these show trials was decided beforehand.
Enemies who were killed were also "erased from history"
Stalin even purged the Red Army, killing thousands of his own officers.
Slide 30 - Tekstslide
Gulags
18,000,000 people sent to Gulags 1919 - 1952 53 Gulag camps and 423 labor colonies in the Soviet Union as of March 1940 1,600,000 died in the camps.
Slide 31 - Tekstslide
Show trials
Gefilmde neprechtszaken
People 'found guilty' and confessed on camera to betraying the revolution
Shown in cinemas
Family and friends forced to give evidence to protect themselves
Slide 32 - Tekstslide
The Cult of Personality
What?
Propaganda campaign to lift Stalin to the status of a demi godMake people believe they owed everything to him and the communist party. Slogan: "thank you comrade Stalin"
How?
Mass parades with people cheering StalinPropaganda films, photos, posters, sculptures, paintings of Stalin everywhere.
Slide 33 - Tekstslide
The Cult of Personality
Stalin could not ever make a mistake so history was changed if necessary
Anyone who questioned the official history was killed