indirect speech

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 4,5

Unit 3

Vocab unit 3 lesson 1 t/m 3

Tenses so far: past simple / present perfect / past continuous / 

Passive: present simple and past simple

Gerund

Direct and indirect speech

Period 3

15th April Unit 3

15th May Listening

19 June Bookreport + writing

Test week - reading

Direct and Indirect speech

When do you use indirect speech?

What is it?

Reporting that someone else said something...

Sandy: "I have a lot of homework."

Sandy said (that) she had a lot of homework. 

Tom: "We went out last noght."

Tom said (that) they had gone out last night. 

Four steps ;-)

1.  Identify the tense

         2. Change the pronouns

                          3. Change the time expressions

4. Use a reporting verb (said, told, asked)

What changes?

• Sentence in present simple -> past simple
  
• Sentence in present continuous -> past continuous

• Sentence in past simple -> past perfect
  
• Sentence in present perfect -> past perfect

More changes

‘Now’ changes to ‘then’.

‘Today’ changes to ‘that day’.

‘Yesterday’ turns into ‘the day before’ or ‘the previous day’.

‘Tomorrow’ changes to ‘the next day’ or ‘the following day’.

‘Last week/month/year’ switches to ‘the previous week/month/year’.

‘Next week/month/year’ changes to ‘the following week/month/year’.

‘Here’ turns into ‘there’.

Turn into indirect speech:
He said, “I have got a toothache”.

1. He said that I had got a toothache.
2. He said that he has got a toothache.
3. He said that he had got a toothache.
4. he said that you have got a toothache

Turn into indirect speech:
She said to me, “You are my only friend.”

1. She told me that you were my only friend
2. She told you that I am her only friend.
3. She told me that she was my only friend.
4. She told me that I was her only friend.

Mike: "I have the flu."
Mike said (that) ....

Jen: "We all went to the party yesterday." Jen said (that) ....

Mary: "Jenny has a crush on Tom."
Mary said (that) ....

Hailey: "I am doing my homework here." Hailey said (that) ...

Mrs Janssen: "The test is next week."
Mrs Janssen said (that) ....

Present Perfect Continuous

Have / Has + voltooid deelwoord + ing-vorm werkwoord

I have been waiting for over two hours! 

He has been trying for a while. 

Present Perfect Continuous

Examples: 

I have been studying for geography for four hours. 

He has been trying to reach him for weeks now. 

Present Perfect Continuous

1. Something happened in the past and is still relevant for now + you want to emphasis the duration of it.

We have been playing tennis for over three hours and I'm still not tired. 

Timeline

Present Perfect Continuous

2. Emphasize that something was going on and has just ended.

She has been crying for hours; her eyes are still red.

I have been running. I’m exhausted.

Fill in the Present Perfect Continuous:
1 Why are you tired?
I ______ a long city tour with 25 tourists. (to conduct)

Is Steve having a break in 10 minutes?
Yes, he __ the museum for three hours (to patrol)

3 What’s wrong with Joyce and Andrew?
They ___ after two escaped dogs since 2 o’clock.
(to run)

4 Janice is walking in a strange way, isn’t she?
She _____ problems with her left leg lately. (to have)

5 Roy and Dan could do with a glass of water, couldn’t they?
Yes, they _____ the news for a talking newspaper for 45 minutes now. (to read)

Practise more

p. 150 ex. 13

Present perfect continuous

p. 156 ex. 5

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