Latin: Roman invasion + famous thinkers and scientists wrote in Latin
Dutch: same Germanic base +
There are many ways through which Dutch words have entered the English language:
-via trade and navigation, such as skipper (from schipper), freebooter (from vrijbuiter), keelhauling
(from kielhalen);
-via painting, such as landscape (from landschap), still life (from stilleven);
-warfare, such as forlorn hope (from verloren hoop), beleaguer (from beleger),
-via civil engineering, such as dam, polder, dune (from duin);
- via the New Netherlands settlements in North America, such as cookie (from koekie),
boss from baas, Santa Claus (from Sinterklaas);
-via Dutch/Afrikaans speakers with English speakers in South Africa, such as wildebeest,
apartheid, boer