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read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
EngelsMiddelbare school
In deze les zitten 18 slides, met tekstslides.
Onderdelen in deze les
read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap
Slide 1 - Tekstslide
GAP 1 (ALTHOUGH) ... 264 km east to west - although the land area increases slightly ...↑_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _↑
INCREASES is a verb
ALTHOUGH => (CONJUNCTION) expresses the idea of contrast.
ALTHOUGH + SUBJECT + VERB
Common Errors:
Although the rain, we had the picnic. X ALTHOUGH cannot be followed by a noun!
Although it was raining, we had the picnic. V ALTHOUGH must be followed by a subject and a verb!
Slide 2 - Tekstslide
GAP 2 (RESULT) ... slightly each year as a result of continuous land reclamation and drainage...↑_ _ _ _ _ _↑
AS A RESULT OF => DUE TO, BECAUSE OF
AS A RESULT OF => anything that is due to something already done.
AS A RESULT OF + NOUN
Common Errors:
As a result of he was disobedient, his boss fired him. X AS A RESULT OF cannot be followed by a verb!
As a result of his disobedience, his boss fired him. V AS A RESULT OF must be followed by a noun!
Slide 3 - Tekstslide
GAP 3 (COMMONLY) ... much to offer, 'Holland,' as it is commonly known to most of us ...↑_ _ _ _ _ _↑
COMMONLY + KNOWN => COLLOCATION
COMMONLY KNOWN => widely known usually or by most people.
Other Collocations:
COMMONLY ABUSED, COMMONLY AFFECTED, COMMONLY INJURED,
COMMONLY MISSED, COMMONLY SEEN, COMMONLY PRESCRIBED.
Slide 4 - Tekstslide
GAP 4 (FROM) ... to most of us abroad - a name stemming from its once most prominent provinces ...↑_ _ _ _ _↑
STEM + FROM => VERB + PREPOSITION
STEM FROM => to be caused by, to come from (something or someone).
Common Errors:
Her fear of spiders stems of an incident in her childhood. X
Her fear of spiders stems from an incident in her childhood. V
Slide 5 - Tekstslide
GAP 5 (HISTORIC) ... You'll be impressed by its historic cities and charmed by its countryside and villages, ...↑_ _ _ _↑
HISTORIC + CITY => a historic city is very old.
HISTORIC => something important or influential in history. (HISTORIC BUILDING/EVENT/MOMENT/PLACE/SPOT).
HSTORICAL => refers to anything from the past, important or not. (HISTORICAL NOVEL/EVIDENCE/SOCIETY/CONTEXT).
Common Errors:
David writes historic novels. X
David writes historical novels.V
Slide 6 - Tekstslide
GAP 6 (ON) ... From the exciting variety on offer, you could choose a romantic canal boat tour ...↑_ _↑
ON + OFFER => FIXED PHRASE
ON OFFER => for sale, often cheaply.
Common Errors:
That shop has carpets at offer at £50 each. X
That shop has carpets on offer at £50 each.V
Slide 7 - Tekstslide
GAP 7 (MAKE) ... which is on hand to give you information and make reservations. You'll have ...↑_ _ _ _ _ _↑
MAKE + A RESERVATION => COLLOCATION
MAKE A RESERVATION => when you arrange to have something such as a seat on an aircraft or a table at a restaurant kept for you.
Common Errors:
I'd like to do a room reservation for three people. X
I'd like to make a room reservation for three people.V
Slide 8 - Tekstslide
GAP 8 (FEW) ... and make reservations. You'll have few language problems here, as the Dutch are true linguists ...↑_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _↑
FEW => DETERMINER
FEW => not many | A FEW => some | used with countable nouns
LITTLE => not much | A LITTLE => some | used with uncountable nouns
Common Errors:
She's got a lot of money but a few friends. X A FEW doesn't make sense in this sentence!
She's got a lot of money but few friends.V
Slide 9 - Tekstslide
read the text and think of the word which fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
Slide 10 - Tekstslide
GAP 1 (MANY) ... mythology, and history of many different cultures. Cave paintings ...↑_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _↑
MANY => DETERMINER
MANY => used with plural nouns and verbs, especially in negative sentences and questions, to mean 'a large number of '.
Common Errors:
He has got many friends. X in affirmative sentences we use A LOT OF or PLANTY OF!
He hasn't got many friends. V MANY is usually used in questions and negative sentences!
Slide 11 - Tekstslide
GAP 2 (THAT/WHICH) ... different types of wild cats that\which are now extinct, or no longer around ...↑_ _ _ _↑
WHICH | THAT => RELATIVE PRONOUN
WHICH | THAT => used after a noun to show what thing or things you mean.
Common Errors:
He gave me the book, that was very old. X in non-defining clauses THAT cannot replace WHICH!
This is the book that you wanted. V in defining relative clauses we can use WHICH or THAT!
This is the book which you wanted. V in defining relative clauses we can use WHICH or THAT!
Slide 12 - Tekstslide
GAP 3 (TO) ... hunted by humans in return. Cats similar to the ones kept as pets today ...↑_ _ _↑
SIMILAR + TO => ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
SIMILAR TO => almost the same.
Common Errors:
The climate of Spain is similar with that found in Portugal. X We never use WITH after SIMILAR!
The climate of Spain is similar to that found in Portugal.
Slide 13 - Tekstslide
GAP 4 (HOWEVER/NEVERTHELESS) ... honoured cats and kittens. However, other cultures feared cats or thought ...↑_ _ _ _
HOWEVER => ADVERB
HOWEVER | NEVERTHELESS => used when you are adding a fact or piece of information that seems surprising, or seems very different from what you have just said.
Common Errors:
We thought the figures were correct. However we have now discovered some errors. X COMMA must be used after HOWEVER!
We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some errors. V
Slide 14 - Tekstslide
GAP 5 (HOW/WHERE) ... No one knows for sure when or how cats became very popular household pets.↑_ _ _ _
HOW => ADVERB
HOW => used to ask or talk about the way in which something happens or is done.
Common Errors:
What do you spell your name? X
How do you spell your name? V
Slide 15 - Tekstslide
GAP 6 (SO) ... how cats hunted mice and rats, so they set food and milk out to keep the cats near ...↑_ _ _ _
SO => CONJUNCTION
SO =>used to say that someone does something because of the reason just stated.
Common Errors:
It was still painful and I went to see a doctor. X
It was still painful so I went to see a doctor. V SO is used to show the reason for something!
Slide 16 - Tekstslide
GAP 7 (TOO) ... homes. This helped to prevent too many of these rodents from coming into homes and ...↑_ _ _↑
TOO + MANY => ADVERB + DETERMINER
TOO => more than is required, desirable or suitable.
Common Errors:
There are too much vehicles on the road. X
There are too many vehicles on the road. V
Slide 17 - Tekstslide
GAP 8 (FROM) ... helped to prevent too many of these rodents from coming into homes and eating people's food ...↑_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _↑
PREVENT + FROM => VERB + PREPOSITION
PREVENT sb FROM (doing) sth => to stop someone doing something or something happening.
Common Errors:
The high wall prevented them to see the garden. X
The high wall prevented them from seeing the garden. V PREVENT is alwyas used with FROM!
