Bricks 4.3 Hormones

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Hormones

• Control all kinds of processes in your body
• Produced by endocrine glands
• Move through blood to their specific organ
• Your body usually reacts slowly to hormones
• Hormones can often coordinate long-term bodily changes

Which system regulates hormones?

1. Reproductive system
2. Endocrine system
3. Nervous system
4. Digestive system

Endocrine system: Regulation is done by

1. hormones
2. impulses

Hormones: 

- are proteins
- regulate the functions of many organs & cells

- coordinate many processes in the body

- are produced in glands and 

secreted into the bloodstream

- travel in the bloodstream to 

target cells/organs -->

key - matching lock

- send slow, long-lived signals

Werking hypofyse en hormonen

1.) Hypofyse (kliercellen)
Produceren hormoon

2.) Geven hormoon af aan bloedvatenstelsel

3.) Bloedvatenstelsel vervoert hormonen

gland cell

capillary

secretion of hormones

hormones

nerves

direct effect

long-term effect

short term effect

transport via blood

produced in glands

 muscles contraction

work slow

Match the glands with their functions!

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Ovaris and testis

Master gland as it controls several other hormone glands

Regulate the body's metabolic rate

Response to stress

Regulates blood sugar levels

Regulates puberty and produce sex hormones

Pituitary gland (hypofyse) - a very important gland!

Hypofyse stuurt veel veranderingen aan.


Puberteit
Groei

The Pancreas

Insulin is secreted

glucagon is secreted

pancreas is stimulated

pancreas is stimulated

insulin stimulates glucose uptake from blood

glucagon stimulates liver to release glucose 

From pituitary to puberty

First: primary sexual characteristics

Pituitary gland: 

endocrine gland that starts to make puberty hormones (FSH/LH):

girls: around 11
boys: around 13

From pituitary to puberty

Puberty hormone (LH/FSH) fits on 
target cells in testes / ovary

testes and ovaries  
are now active!

hormone and  target cell

transport of hormones

Ovaries and testes

Women:
ovaries produce

oestrogen and progesterone 

Men:

testes produce 

testosterone

Effect:

Women:
Oestrogen -> bloodstream -> secundairy sexual characteristics

Men
Testosterone -> bloodstream -> secundairy sexual characteristics

Milou: hormones are transported through the blood
Rico: hormones pass on signals, because they connect to the cell membrane of certain cells
Who is right?

1. Milou
2. Rico
3. Both
4. Neither

Sexual characteristics

Sex characteristics are characteristics by which you can recognize the gender. (How do you biologically tell whether someone is a boy or a girl?

• Primary characteristics(during embryonal development)
  

Penis, scrotum and vagina, vulva 

Secundairy (during puberty)

• facial hair, lower voice, chest hair, growth of penis/testes
  
• menstrual cyclus, formation of breasts, female body shape
  
•  mental and emotional changes as mood swings --> preparing to adulthood

Which of the following is NOT a secondary sexual characteristic?

1. Menstruation
2. Pubic hair
3. Sex hormones
4. Muscle growth

Which gland produces hormones to start the production of reproductive cells?

1. Pituitary gland
2. Ovaries
3. Pancreas
4. Thyroid gland

Are the female ovaries a primary or a secondary sexual characteristic?

1. Primary
2. Secondary

Is the development of pubic hair (click ? for Dutch) a primary or a secondary sexual characteristic?

Pubic hair = schaamhaar

1. Primary
2. Secondary

Only males produce testosterone?

1. True
2. False

Oestrogen is responsible for:

1. primary sexual characteristics in females
2. secondary sexual characteristics in females
3. primary sexual characteristics in males
4. primary sexual characteristics in males

Where is oesterogen mainly produced?

1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitarygland/hypofyse
3. Testis (teelballen)
4. Ovaries (eierstokken)

What does testosteron NOT stimulate?

1. Primary sexual characteristics
2. Secundary sexual characteristics
3. Sperm cell production
4. Puberty in boys

Which gland regulates the production of oestrogen and testosteron?

1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary gland (Hypofyse)
3. Testis (teelballen)
4. Ovaries (eierstokken)

What do you think would happen if a female person would take male sex hormones for a
longer period of time?

The hormone progesterone is secreted during early pregnancy and prepares the uterus for pregnancy

1. True
2. False

FINISH THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE FOLLOWING WORDS: reproductive system - different -  pituitary gland - target organ - sex hormone - endocrine system - hormones - the same -  sex organ.

1. Testosterone is an example of a ...

2. ... are regulatory substances, produced by endocrine glands. 

3. All hormone glands are part of the ...

4. Sex hormones regulate the ... 

5. Most hormones are ... for men and women.

6. Hormones only cause a reaction in their ...

7. The brain produces hormones that start puberty in the ...

FINISH THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE FOLLOWING WORDS: 

1. Testosterone is an example of a sex hormone 

2. Hormones are regulatory substances, produced by endocrine glands. 

3. All hormone glands are part of the endocrine system

4. Sex hormones regulate the reproductive system

5. Most hormones are the same for men and women

6. Hormones only cause a reaction in their target organ

7. The brain produces hormones that start puberty in the pituitary gland

Menstrual cycle

Match the hormone with the correct graph

This is a really hard question so use your notes and your textbook (pages 93+94) to know when the peak is of the hormones

FSH

LH

Oestrogen

Progesterone

Which hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle?

1. FSH and LH
2. Oestrogen and progesterone
3. FSH and oestrogen
4. FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesterone

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HORMONES STIMULATES GROWTH OF THE EGG CELL?

1. LH
2. FSH
3. OESTROGEN
4. PROGESTERONE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HORMONES STIMULATES OVULATION DIRECTLY?

1. LH
2. FSH
3. OESTROGEN
4. PROGESTERONE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HORMONES STIMULATES GROWTH OF THE UTERUS LINING?

1. LH
2. FSH
3. OESTROGEN
4. PROGESTERONE