Biology lesson 1 B1a Cell Structure

• Biology
• Lower Secondary (Key Stage 3)

Biology lesson 1

B1a Cell Structure & adaptation 

Key Question: How do animal and plant cells compare to each other?

 Animal cells contain sub-cellular structures that are present in plant cells as well. These are a nucleus,  that contains the DNA; a cell membrane that controls what enters/leaves the cell; jelly-like cytoplasm where the reactions take place; mitochondria that release energy for respiration; and small ribosomes which are where proteins are made.

Animal cell diagram.

What is part C?

1. Cytoplasm
2. Cell membrane
3. Cell wall
4. Nucleus

Name as many parts of a cell as you can and identify if they are animal cell, plant cell or both.

Name 4 sub-cellular structures found in an animal cell

Compare the functions of the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

If cell membranes are soft and pliable, how do animals get their support for their bodies?

1. From cellulose
2. From their diet
3. From their skeleton
4. From the cell wall of each cell.

A sperm cell is a specialised animal cell, used to move male genetic material to the female egg cell. Which cell organelles would you expect the sperm cell to have lots of, in order to move to the egg cell?

Plant cells

Plant and algal cells also contain extra sub-cellular structures. These are a cell wall made of cellulose  that supports and protects the cell; a large permanent vacuole containing cell sap to keep the cell rigid; and chloroplasts which contain green chlorophyll that absorbs light for photosynthesis. 

Notice some parts are in both plant and animal cells. 

Some parts are only in plant cells.

Where is the DNA stored in both plant and animal cells

1. Cell wall
2. Nucleus
3. Chloroplasts
4. Vacuole

Which sub cellular structures appear in both animal and plant cells

1. Cell membrane
2. Cell wall
3. Vacuole
4. Ribosomes

If the role of chloroplasts is to photosynthesize why do animal cells and root cells of plants not have them?

Name two cell components found only in a plant cell.

Compare the functions of the cell wall and the cell membrane?

Suggest why onion cells are not green.

A plant cell has chloroplasts, an animal cell has no chloroplasts. Name two more differences.