Support and locomotion

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Support and locomotion

Welcome back!

• Review endtest 
• Log in into Learnbeat 
• Start new chapter 

Review endtest

• Bags in front of the class 
• Nothing on your desk  

Switch to learnbeat 

• English terms that are used in Malmberg are too difficult 
• Chapter support and locomotion will be on Learnbeat 
• Join the class!

Homework

A Skeleton 

Part 1 The skeleton question A - F

All on learnbeat!

Welcome!

• Throwback to the homework
• Skeletons of other animals
• Function of skeletons 
• Posture 

Skeletons,  human versus animals

The structure determines the function

Arched (gebogen) for strength

Start working

On learnbeat:

A Skeleton 

Part 2 skeletons of other animals

Read the text and make question A - F

Use the picture of part 1 to answer A for the comparison with humans

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Shape

• Without our bones we cannot stand straight.

MOVEMENT

• Muscles and bones are connected.
• Without muscles we cannot move. 
• These muscles are called skeletal muscles.

PROTECTION

• Important organs, heart, lungs etc. are protected by our skeleton

Storage

• Inside bones, minerals and fatt is stored.
• Minerals are for example calcium, iron, magnesium and can be found in food. 

Start working

On learnbeat:

A Skeleton 

Part 3 the skeleton's function

Read the text and make question A - C

The spine

• Also called the backbone
•  Keeping you upright
• Double S curve

What if you don't have a right spine?

Start working

On learnbeat:

A Skeleton 

Part 4 the backbone

Read the text and make question A - C

Homework next week

A the skeleton 

Part 2-4

All questions

Learnbeat unit:

Movement

B. Bones and cartilage

How many bones does the human skeleton have?

1. 406
2. 206
3. 270
4. 311

Why do we have a
skeleton?
=

Functions of the skeleton

1. Support: keeps the body up and keeps organs in place
2. Movement: by using muscles
3. Protection: keeps soft inner organs safe
4. Storage of minerals and fats

What is the main function of your skull?

1. protection
2. movement
3. support
4. blood cell production

Today's planning

- Learnbeat B. Bones and cartilage

- Making some assignments

- Demo bones (collagen & calcium phosphate)

- Using the microscope

Skeleton

Skeleton

Consist of 3 parts: head, torso, limbs

Has two different types of tissue: 

- Bone tissue (botweefsel) 

- Cartilage tissue (kraakbeenweefsel)

1. Explain what the function is of a tissue
2. Name the parts a tissue is made of

Tissues

• Tissue = cells with the same shape and function. 
• Tissue consists of cells and extra cellular matrix (outside the cells). In the extra cellular matrix substances can be found.
• Collagen (collageen) =  is a substance that makes a tissue flexible and soft. It is not very strong.
• Calcium phosphate (kalkzouten) = is a substance that makes a tissue hard and strong 

Bones

• Give strength, let us move and stand upright
• Contain calcium phosphate (kalkzouten) and a bit of collagen (collageen)

Cartilage

• Firm, but very flexible.
• Contains a lot of collagen and a little bit of calcium phosphate 
• Protects bones from damage and makes sure movement is possible.

Bone tissue

Cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue (kraakbeenweefsel):

- cellen in groepjes bij elkaar

- elastische tussencelstof (ECM)

- vooral collageen

Bone tissue (botweefsel):

- cellen in kringen om bloedvaatjes

- harde tussencelstof

- vooral kalkzouten en collageen

A change in bone tissue

• When younger --> more collagen, less calcium phosphate in bones
• When older --> more calcium phosphate, less collagen in bones
• Welke grafiek is dan juist?

What makes bone flexible?

1. collagen
2. calcium
3. cartilage

What substance makes bone strong?

1. collagen
2. calcium phosphate
3. cartilage

Get to work

On Learnbeat part B bones and cartilage

Read the text first and make the questions of part 1 and 2 

This is homework for tomorrow. 

Welcome!

• Bone demonstration 
• Work on questions of part 3 and 4 of bones and cartilage.  
• Start part C bone connections 

Bones demonstration

1. normal untreated bone 

2. A bone in which the collagen has been removed 

3. A bone in which the calcium phosphate has been removed. 

In pairs answer the following questions: 

- Which bone is the most flexible and which bone the less? 

- Which bone is the strongest bone and which bone is the weakest bone? 

Immobile   --    Mobile

Connection between seperate bones

1. Fused vertebrae

2. Sutures

3. Cartilage

4. joints

Welke botverbindingen kunnen bewegen?

1. Fused
2. Suture
3. Cartilage
4. Joint

Cartilage between breastbone and ribs

Cartilage between vertebrae

*you're taller in the morning than in the evening, how come? 

1. ball-and-socket joint

2. Pivot joint

3. Hinge joint

Grapje met hand omdraaien!?

Which connection is most flexible?

1. Pivot (lower arm)
2. Connection with cartilage (ribs)
3. ball-and-socket (hip)
4. Hinge (finger)

comparing skeletons

The skeleton can tell us something about 

-where an animal lives

- what it eats

- what it looked like in the past

Protection

Sommige delen van het lichaam bieden bescherming. 

Welke delen denk jij?

Schedel: klopt! 

De schedel beschermt de hersenen 

tegen botsingen, als een helm. 

Nekwervels: klopt!

Ze beschermen de zenuwen van en naar de hersenen.

Borstkas: klopt!

Dit beschermt de zachte en weke ingewanden zoals het hart, de darmen en de longen. Anders zou alles uit je lichaam zakken! Jakkes! 

Botten: nee

Dit geeft stevigheid aan het lichaam. de speieren zitten aan de botten vast, en zo kunnen de botten bewegen. 

(Hoef)nagels: klopt!

De nagels beschermen de poten tegen beschadiging en verwonding. 

Bij sommige dieren zijn de nagels zelfs een wapen! 

The same, but different...

A streamlined body (gestroomlijnd lichaam)

Where are you walking on?

Waar loop je op?

Plantigrades = zoolgangers

Digitigrades = teenganger

Unguligrades = topganger

De mens leert van de natuur

Veel van de dingen die de mens gemaakt heeft, zijn eigenschappen die in de natuur voorkomen.