Grammar Year 3 Period 1 (Gerund, Adj/Adv, Pronouns (who,which), Past Simple vs Present Perfect)

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Welcome to English

Year 3, Period 1 Grammar

- Gerund

- Adjectives/Adverbs

- Pronouns (who / which)

- Past Simple vs Present Perfect

GERUND... pg. 35

WORDS that end in ING

 (drinking, watching, travelling, getting)

 but do not act as a verb in a sentence...

1. Used as a subject (als onderwerp) in the beginning of the sentence to focus on the ACTIVITY and not the ACTION

1. I am drinking water.

2. Drinking water is healthy. 

Drinking as a VERB

- What is the action?

(verb: drinking)

Drinking as a NOUN

- What is the activity?

(activity: drinking)

Used as a subject (als onderwerp) in the beginning of the sentence to focus on the ACTIVITY and not the ACTION

1. I am drinking water.

2. Drinking water is healthy. 

Drinking as a VERB

- What is the action?

(verb: drinking)

Drinking as a NOUN

- What is the activity?

(activity: drinking)

USE: Beginning of the sentence when you talk about an activity...

- Cooking is my hobby. 

- Dancing is fun.

- Doing homework is boring.

HIGHLIGHT the gerunds!

2. After words: LIKE, DISLIKE, LOVE, HATE

- Matthew likes listening to the music. 

- Jane dislikes doing laundry.

- Mary and Joseph love spending time with their kids.

- I just hate _______ my homework.

SO REMEMBER: after these words we have to put the word in ING!

3. After words:  feel, hear, see, smell, watch, avoid, keep, mind, prefer, start, stop en suggest

- Can you feel the wind blowing?

- I hear you talking! Please whisper.

- I see raindrops falling from the sky.

- She sees people running down the street.

- Monica and Chandler smell something burning in their kitchen

UIT JE HOOFD LEREN! pg. 35

4. After the prepositions (in, on, at, of, to, for...)

- I look forward to hearing from you soon

- I am good at making brownies

- She was interested in booking a vacation

Exercise on GERUNDS

1. She is good at __________ (dance). 

2. He is crazy about _________ (sing).

3. I don't like __________ (play) cards.

4. They are afraid of _________ (swim) in the sea.

5. (to ski) ________ can be dangerous.

6.  Do you like _________ (to surf)?

7. I look forward to _________ (hear) from you soon.

8. (to drive) ________ under influence is a crime.

9. I don't mind __________ (keep) this painting on my wall.

In other cases: TO+infinitive

For example: 

I like learning English. / She wants to learn English.

I will stop helping you. / I promise to help you tomorrow.

EXERCISE

1. She kept ____________ (talk) during the film.

2. I am learning ______________ (speak) English.

3. He asked _______ (come) with us.

4. I need to start ______________(study).

5. _____________ (clean) is my hobby.

6. Look at you ___________ (work) hard.

7.  Sasha plans _______ (start) college next year. 

GERUND or TO+infinitive

1. I look forward to ________________ (see) you at the weekend.

2. She doesn't mind _____________ (work) the night shift.

3. _____________ (listen) to the teacher is what you should do at school.

4. I smell something __________ (cook). 

5. We decided _______________ (run) through the forest.

6. I learned ________________ (ride) the bike at the age of 5.

Do these online exercises

Gerunds 1: https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/grammar-exercise-gerunds.php

Grammar: Adjectives/Adverbs

NOUN -> names, animals, things, ideas...

(Jane, pigs, a table, love) -> WHO or WHAT

VERBS -> Describe what we are doing

(I am running, we talked for hours, they are moving ...)

ADJECTIVES -> Give more information on the nouns

(a tall person, fat pigs, a yellow table, beautiful love)

ADVERBS -> Describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb

(I quickly opened the present, I am extremely tired)

ADJECTIVES

Tell us something about

- the NOUN

(a tall person, fat pigs, a yellow table, beautiful love)

ADVERBS

Tell us something about:

- a verb

- an adjective

- another adverb

Usually they have -LY at the end of the word

(prettily, beautifully, happily, amazingly)

ADJECTIVES vs ADVERBS

- Beautiful (adj)-> beautifully (adv)

She is a beautiful person. She sings beautifully.

- Healthy (adj) -> Healthily (adv)

McDonalds does not have healthy snacks. I want to eat healthily.

- Extreme (adj) -> extremely (adv)

In Alaska they experience extreme temperatures. It gets extremely cold.

Is it an adjective or an adverb? Complete the gaps.

1. He reads a book _________________. (quick)

2. Mandy is a ______________________________ girl. (pretty)

3. The class is _________________________________ loud today. (terrible)

4. Max is a ________________________________ singer. (good)

5. You can _______________________________ open this tin. (easy)

6. It's a ____________________________________ day today. (terrible)

7. How are you doing? I am doing __________________________ (good).

8. He is a _____________________________________ driver. (careful)

9. He drives the car ________________________________________. (careful)

10. The dog barks _______________________________________________. (loud)

Relative pronouns: who and which

Je gebruikt who als je terugverwijst naar mensen:

- King Arthur, who lived in the 5th and 6th centuries, was a legendary leader.

- Is this the boy who pulled the sword out of the stone?

Je gebruikt which als je terugverwijst naar dingen of dieren:

 This is King Arthur’s sword Excalibur, which was driven into a stone by the

wizard Merlin.

 The knights rode black horses, which had red and yellow harnesses on.

EXERCISES WHO or WHICH

https://www.grammarbank.com/who-vs-which.html

PAST SIMPLE vs PRESENT PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE -> when we talk about the past

(happened 5 minutes ago, 2 days ago, in 1994, in the Ancient times...)

PRESENT PERFECT -> when we talk about something that happened in the past but it is still true

(since 1994, for the last 5 years...)

1. PAST SIMPLE 

Talking about the past...

If you want to say something that happened

5 minutes ago, yesterday, 5 years ago, in 1994, a Century ago...

you use PAST SIMPLE tense

Example:

- The lesson started 5 minutes ago.

- The students went home early yesterday.

Miss Salehar moved to the Netherlands 5 years ago. 

LIST on pg. 27

Text

pg 37

VRAGENDE en ONTKENNEDE ZINNEN

Bevestigende:  I bought this shirt on sales yesterday. 

(?) Did I buy this shirt on sales yesterday?

(-) I didn't buy this shirt on sales yesterday.

(?) = Did + persoon + ww (terug naar tegenwoordige tijd) +?

(-) = didn't + ww (terug naar tegenwoordige tijd)

PRESENT PERFECT

Something that happened in the past but it is still true today

1. Miss Salehar has lived in the Netherlands for 5 years.

2. Jane has never skydived. 

3. I have done my homework already.

4. My parents have owned this house since 2001.

HE/SHE/IT -> HAS + ww (3de rijtje)

I, THEY, WE, YOU -> HAVE + ww (3de rijtje)

Signaalwoordjes: since, yet, for __ years, already, never, ever, always

VRAGENDE & ONTKENNENDE ZINNEN

Bevestigende zin: I have already finished reading this book.

(?) Have I already finished reading this book?

(-) I haven't finished reading this book. 

Bevestigende zin: She has lived in Japan for 3 years. 

(?) Has she lived in Japan for 3 years?

(-) She hasn't lived in Japan for 3 years.

Simple Past OR Present Perfect

1. The police _______________________ (arrest) two people early this morning.

2. She ___________________ (go) to Japan a few years ago but yesterday she _________ (come) back.

3. Dan ___________________________ (already/buy) two tablets this year.

4. How many games ________________________ (your team/win) so far this season?

5. (you/visit) ________________________ the CN Tower when you were staying in Toronto?

6. you/do) __________________________ your homework yet? – Yes, I ____________________ (finish) it an hour ago.

7. I __________________________ (not see) Peter since I  _______________________ (arrive) last Tuesday.

8. Frank _______________(get) his bike last May. So he ______________(have) it for 4 months.

PAST SIMPLE vs PRESENT PERFECT

1. They __________ (learn) all the new words. They needn't worry about the test today.

2. Three people __________ (visit) him in hospital last Friday.

3. Martin _______ (cycle) for 50 miles on scenic routes three weeks ago.

4. We (try/never)  chicken Tandoori before.

5. ________ you _________ (find) a job yet?

6. Emily and Molly ____________ (know) each other for more than 10 years now.

7. First he ___________ (listen) to the announcement, then he _________ (go) to a café for a drink.

8. She  __________ (be) late four times this week.

9. What's that lovely smell in here? - Jasmin ___________ (bake) a yummy cake.

10. The Titanic ________ (hit) an iceberg in 1912 and sank within three hours.

They have learned all the new words. They needn't worry about the test.

Three people visited him in hospital last Friday.

Martin cycled for 50 miles on scenic routes three weeks ago.

We have never tried chicken Tandoori before.

Have you found a job yet?

Emily and Molly have known each other for more than 10 years now.

First he listened to the announcement, then he went to a café for a drink.

She has been late four times this week.

What's that lovely smell in here? - Jasmin has baked a yummy cake.

The Titanic hit an iceberg in 1912 and sank within three hours.

NOW: Go to WIRED

WIRED -> LEERBLAD

Done? - Listening and Reading on WIRED

Learn the words on QUIZLET/WRTS/workbook