4.1 A divided Europe

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

A divided Europe

After WOII

* Conference of Yalta 

* Conference of Potsdam (Germany)

* What to do with Germany?

* Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin

* The big three

What did they agree:

1. Germany would be divided into four occupied zones

* Each zone managed by one Allied country

* Berlin divided in four zones

What did they agree:

2. Countries had to stay democratic

3. The Allies would cooperate closely

Result

* Allied leaders didn't trust each other

* Afraid the other would expand their power

* US and Soviet Union

Iron Curtain

* Churchill 

* Iron Curtain -> Boundry between 

* Democratic/capitalist West  <-> Communist East

Dividing of Western and Eastern Europe

Cold War

* Communist parties took control in Eastern Europe

* Help of Stalin

* Tension increased

* New world war? Nuclear weapons?

* 1945

Marshall Plan

* US afraid countries would become communist

* Difficult circumstances after the war

* Domino theory 

* Economic help

Marshall Plan

European countries in crisis

US

Loans to rebuilt the economy

Obligated to remain capitalistic and democratic

Results of the Marshall Plan

in Western Europe

* Good for the American economy

* Economies grew rapidly -> West Germany

= Wirtschaftswunder (economic miracle)

Results of the Marshall Plan in Eastern Europe

* US support banned by Stalin

* Planned economie

* Eastern Europe remaind behind

Free-market economy

Planned economy

Stalin

Free competition

Freedom

USA

Sovjet-Union

communism

Which 3 countries were the key Allied countries

Who are the Big Three?

Kapitalisme

Communisme

BRD

DDR

What is Marshall plan?

1. aid for children in Afrika
2. aid from the USA for European recovery
3. aid voor soldiers
4. aid for the SU during the Cold War

What was an important reason for the USA to offer Marshall Plan?

The USA wanted:

1. to defeat the power of communism or political parties in Western-Europe
2. to defeat the difference between the communis-kapitalisme
3. to devalued the power of the dollar by aiding financial help.
4. a collaboration in Europa after fighting two wars.

Make the assignments of paragraph 4.1