Research approach: A plan and structure of inquiry that moves from the underlying philosophical assumptions to the specific methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Research methodology: A systematic way to solve a problem or study an issue that involves the methods, techniques, and procedures used to collect and analyze information. Research project stages: Various phases in a research project, typically including initial research, planning, data collection, data analysis, and reporting results. Research report elements: The essential parts of a research report, such as the title, abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, conclusions, and references.