TTO1 - History (Bricks) - Late Middle Ages

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Question 2:
What was the feudal system?

STOP! WAIT!

Mrs. den Boer intermezzo

Just to be sure...

• In the Early Middle very few could read and write (basically only monks and nuns, not even all the nobility) 
• Due to this, the church has had a lot of influence on the information that we have from that time 
• Coins were hardly used as payment in Europe. You bartered mainly (see chapter 2, TB 31) 
• Travel was dangerous, but not uncommon. It was, as far as we can gather, mainly done by water, which was safer and quicker

Paragraph 6.3 - Development of new cities

Today 

How will a virus succesfully spread and lead to a pandemic?

1. The virus needs to be airborn (spread via the air)
2. The virus is airborn and people live in close proximity
3. The virus is transmitted by close physical contact

Try to think of a reason why it was possible to move back to the cities at the start of the Late Middle Ages (1000 AD)

Heavy iron plow

More 'momom'

1. Read 'Increased food production' (TB 134)

2. Write down on paper three ways to increase food production 

Write down three ways
to increase food production
in the Late Middle Ages

Click on the cause that you consider the most important for urbanisation to take place

Farmers use new tools and farming methods, so less people are needed to work the land

Farmers use new tools and farming methods, therefore foodproduction increases

Forests and swamps are turned into arable land. Because of this food production increases

It should all sound familiar. Where did we encounter this process before?

1. Prehistory
2. Antiquity
3. Early Middle Ages

So... if this repeat and play, what do we see next?

1. Specialisation
2. Travel
3. Central government
4. Voting

Craftsmen and guilds

• In order to control the training of new craftsmen, the quality of the products  (and prices of products) guilds were organised
• Guilds were associations of people who had the same job
  
• A guild also provided help to its members if somebody got injured, or died
• And guilds were also clubs where members met, discussed business and held (religious) celebrations together

The tailors guild

The cloth guild

The bakers' guild

The Hanseatic League

• Most cities had a square where daily markets were held
• The biggest market was the annual market, which lasted a few weeks (only in large cities) 
• Many traders travelled from fair to fair

• A group of cities in Europe worked together to get more trade
• They called their association the Hanseatic League

Read the source

“We wish to let all people from Hamburg know that we have made an agreement with our friends, the citizens of Lübeck. The new silver coins which are now being minted in our city, and likewise in Lübeck, should weigh thirty-nine grams less than two silver coins to the mark. To make sure the new coins will last, the silver shall be mixed with half an ounce of copper.

Our friends from Lübeck have equally agreed that they will not mint any other new silver coins except these. We have agreed that we will not mint any other new silver coins without their consent. If it should happen that both our landlords, the Counts, should die, the citizens of Lübeck shall not hold us under suspicion.

To make sure that this agreement between us and the citizens of Lübeck may not be changed or broken, we have presented the citizens of Lübeck with this charter.”

Explain in your own words what was agreed between the cities of Lübeck and Hamburg.

Can you give a modern example of such an agreement?

How did the citizens of Lübeck and Hamburg both profit from this agreement?

Today

Paragrapgh 6.4 - Cities fight for freedom

City rights 

Read TB p. 138 

What were the advantages of city rights for the people of the city?

1. They could get more money out of the lord
2. They could pay for their own events, like a celebration for the Virgin Mary
3. They could organise their own markets or build city walls
4. They could pay for their own armies

What were the advantages of city rights for the landlords?

1. They had a wealthy city that could pay a lot of taxes
2. More rights meant more wealth and therefor more taxes

What is a privilege?

1. Mrs. Den Boer's teacher chair
2. Your student chairs
3. The open windows during winter
4. The posters on the wall of the classroom

What would you prefer?

A privilege from the landlord, because...

A city charter from the landlord, because...

A city could be considered a third power in the medieval society besides the king and landlord. Why?

1. Both the king and the vassel could claim the loyalty of the city
2. The city could start an independent state
3. Whoever had the support of the cities could raise a larger army

After the year 1000, cities had grown and more people started to move from the countryside to towns and cities. What is the name of this process?

Put in the correct order

Cities receive city rights

The three-field system is introduced

Cities become more powerful than their landlords

Marketplaces grow to become cities 

Food surpluses are exhanged

Kidnap the count!

Peasants are mad!

Landlords were mad!

Count Floris of Holland

• Read TB p. 139 
• Make exercise 6 

Open your workbooks!

Let's make exercise 8 together (IMPORTANT!)

Citypower!

Read 'Self-governance of cities' and 'City People'

Who would appoint the schepenen?

1. The people living within the city
2. The landlord
3. The king or count

A schepen is...

1. someone who possessed land in the city
2. someone appointed by the landlord to live in the city

What did a schepen do?

1. Crime fighter, policeman, taxcollector and defence organisor
2. Governing the city by making laws and upholding them
3. Set up policy for the guilds, collect taxes to pay the cityservants

What is a schout?

1. Like a scout with football, scouting for governing talent
2. The highest function with the schepenen
3. Head of the policy force within the city

Who were in the city council?

1. The schepenen and the schout
2. The rich citizens
3. The rich citizens and the schout
4. The schepenen, the schout and the rich citizens

Who governed the city?

1. The schepenen and the schout
2. The rich citizens
3. The rich citizens and the schout
4. The schepenen, the schout and the rich citizens

People in city were...

1. free
2. bound to the landlord

Serfs fled from the city to the manors

1. True
2. False

If you stayed in the city for a year and a day, you would become a burgher of the city

1. True
2. False

Common workers and beggars

Merchants and masters of the guilds

Middle class of craftsman shopkeepers 

Make exercise 10 

Divide class in the amount of teachers we have

Teachers lead discussion on Question 12 

Ranking

Which is the most important to people in the Medieval cities according to you and why? 

1. The right to make laws for people who lived in the city.
   
2. The right to charge tolls for outsiders who wanted to stay in the city.
   
3. The right to mint own coins.
   
4. Exemption from military service.
   
5. The right to build a defence wall around the city.
   
6. The right to hold markets and receive income from them.