Solutions Unit 6 lesson C/D Defining and Non-defining relative clauses

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Unit 6 Defining and non-defining relative clauses

Programme

Lesson 6B in your students'book page 66

- Explanation Defining Relative clauses  and Non-defining Relative Clauses

 -  Doing several exercises from your book 

Grammar

Defining relative clauses

let's see what you remember

Refers to people

Refers to things

Refers to a possession

Refers to place

Refers to time

He's the player who has the world record for scoring most goals.

He needed the lucky shirt which he had given away.

There are players whose superstitions almost stop them from playing.

1998 was the year when France hosted the World Cup.

That wasn't the only superstition (that) the team had.

Edson Arantes do Nascimento is the player that is better known as Pelé.

He had never found the place where the fan lived.

Relative pronouns

• Link to a word previously mentioned
  
• Links up two parts of the sentence

Martin played Tennis with Sophie, who was slightly injured.

relative pronoun

Noa sold her phone, which was old and damaged.

relative pronoun

Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses:  essential information

• In the middle or end of sentence
• No commas!

He is the doctor who helped my grandmother.

This is the airport where I lost my bag.

Relative pronouns

You can leave out relative pronouns if:

• it is a 'defining relative clause'
• the pronoun does NOT relate to the subject
  
• there is a pronoun behind it

The flowers which he gave me were beautiful.

Persoonlijk: ik, jij, hij, etc.

Bezittelijk: mijn, zijn, onze, etc.

Wederkerend: me, je, zich, etc.

The flowers he gave me were beautiful.

Relative pronouns

In formal language whom is used instead of who

Look at these formal sentences:

This is the man to whom I was referring yesterday.

He was the leader whom many people admired. 

Relative pronouns

Prepositions can go at the start in formal language:

This is the man to whom I was referring yesterday.

The band about which I'm talking is great.

or at the end in informal language:

This is the man who I was referring to yesterday.

The band which I'm talking about is great.

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses:  additional information

• In the middle or end of sentence
• Starts and ends with comma
• No use of 'that'
  

The Times, which is published in London, is a daily newspaper.

The Times is a daily newspaper.

Let's practise

Non-defining relative clause

Defining relative clause

James Naismith, who was born in Canada, was working at a YMCA school.

It needed to be a sport which would keep students fit.

The man who invented it was James Naismith.

Naismith went to Berlin, where the games took place that year.

In 1936, when Naismith was 75 years old, basketball officially became part of the Olympic Games.

Naismith was working in Massachusetts, which is really cold in the winter.

Which clauses have commas?

1. defining relative clauses
2. non-defining relative clauses

Let's practise

Let's practise a bit more!

Which RELATIVE pronoun fits in this sentence?
I want to read the book........you gave me.

1. which, that , who
2. which, that, X
3. who, whose, whom
4. which, that

Which RELATIVE pronoun fits in this sentence:
The officer, ....... John told his story to, was nice

1. who, that
2. who, that, X
3. who,
4. which, that

We had spaghetti .... is my favourite meal, for dinner last night.

1. whom
2. which
3. ,which
4. who

which two relative pronouns belong to people?

1. who and that
2. who and which
3. which and whom
4. whose and who

He is a famous architect ...
designs won an international award last year.

1. who
2. which
3. that
4. whose

This is Mary, ...
is taking over my job when I leave.

1. who
2. which
3. that
4. whose

The photocopier, ...
has a two-year guarantee, costs $2000.

1. who
2. which
3. that
4. whose

He is the consultant ...
advice I rely on.

1. whose
2. who
3. that
4. whom

The people ...
were stopped at the border were all from Eastern Europe.

1. whose
2. which
3. that
4. who

Non-defining relative clauses give us...

1. Extra information
2. Essential information

Any Questions??

Go to lesson 6D on page 66  and do exercises 3, 4 and 5 + grammar builder 6.1 on page 137, ex. 1 and 2