§4.2: The Age of Reason (P2)

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vmbo t, mavo
• Leerjaar 4

Planning the test

Key terms	Definition
1. Enlightenment	A. The belief that a rational way of thinking and ideas could bring about progress, making life better for mankind.
2. Basic human rights	B. Movement of thinkers striving to rid the world of dark ideas such as irrationality and inequality.
3. Rational optimism	C. Meetings where members of the upper class would meet and have scientists and philosophers speak about their work and ideas
4. Salon	D. A right that every person has and which has to be respected, even by kings.

Correct answers

1-B: Enlightenment - Movement of thinkers striving to rid the world of dark ideas such as irrationality and inequality.

2-D: Basic human rights - A right that every person has and which has to be respected, even by kings.

3-A: Rational optimism - The belief that a rational way of thinking and ideas could bring about progress, making life better for mankind.

4-C: Salon - Meetings where members of the upper class would meet and have scientists and philosophers speak about their work and ideas

§4.2: The Age of Reason (P2)

Previous learning goals

What was the Enlightenment? ✅

And how was it different from the Scientific Revolution?

Scientific Revolution (17th century)🧪

Small impact on ordinary people.😔

Why? Scientists can't publicise works.📕⛔

Why? Criticise the Church and God's creation.⛪😠

Enlightenment (18th century)💡

Bigger impact on ordinary people.🙂🙂🙂

Rational reasoning and scientific thinking include more topics.

Openly doubt God's existence.🌍

Politics, economics and society.

api.playposit.com

Learning goal

What was the idea of the 

Trias Politica and the free market economy?

Write the learning goals down in your notebook!

Political philosophy

Montesquieu proposed the Trias Politica, dividing  

state power into legislative, executive, and judicial 

branches to prevent absolute rule and ensure balance.

Division of power (verdeling van macht):

1. Legislative branch (wetgevende macht) - e.g. MP (Tweede Kamerlid).👩‍💼

2. Executive branch (uitvoerende macht) - e.g. Minister. 👨‍⚖️

3. Judicial branch (rechterlijke macht) - e.g. Judge (Rechter).👩‍⚖️

A free economy

Adam Smith's free market economy promotes minimal government interference, allowing competition to drive growth through self-interest and demand, contrasting  with mercantilism.

This competition (concurrentie) encourages innovation, gives consumers choices and promotes efficiency.

Shouldn't governments interfere (zich ermee bemoeien) in, for example,  the current EV (electric vehicle) market?

Spreading the Enlightenment

Salons hosted by the upper class facilitated discussions on Enlightenment ideas. 

Diderot's Encyclopédie compiled extensive knowledge on various topics.

What? Make a summary of section 4.2.

How? Individually or in pairs. Examples:

            - Mind Map              - Written text                  - Timeline

            - Flashcards

Homework of Section 4.2