Muscles - Lesson 7

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• Primary Education
• Lower Secondary (Key Stage 3)
• Upper Secondary (Key Stage 4)

Muscles - Lesson 7

What are you going to learn?

In this lesson you will learn how to:

• To identify the basic functions of muscles.
• To identify and locate muscles in the body.
• To identify different types of muscles. 

But first.. lets recap!

Please grab yourself a Chromebook.

What kind of joint is this?

1. Hinge joint
2. Ball and Socket
3. Fixed joint
4. Pivot joint

What kind of joint is this?

1. Hinge joint
2. Ball and Socket
3. Fixed joint
4. Pivot joint

What type of joint allows no movement?

1. Hinge joint
2. Ball and Socket
3. Fixed joint
4. Pivot joint

What type of joint allows movement in all directions?

1. Hinge joint
2. Ball and Socket
3. Fixed joint
4. Pivot joint

Compare the movement of a shoulder joint to an elbow joint.
- What type of joint is each of them?
- How is their movement different?

Congratulations!

What is a muscle?

What is a muscle?

On Google, the definition of muscles is: "Muscles are an organ system that allows for movement, posture, and blood circulation.

Muscles allow us to move! They attach to bones and pull them in the needed direction. If someone does a lot of weightlifting, their muscles will grow as they adapt to the work. This is not immediate – people have to build up to heavier weights, have rest days, and eat a protein rich diet to allow healthy muscle growth. Lifting weights incorrectly or lifting too heavy will lead to injury. Some injuries caused by incorrect training can be permanent.

There are 3 different types of muscles.

Cardiac Muscles

A Cardiac muscle is the thick middle layer of the heart that pumps blood throughout the body. If we didn't have this muscle, our body wouldn't be able to get blood to the vital organs. 

Smooth Muscles

Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles that line the inside of some organs. You'll find smooth muscles within your stomach lining. They are involuntary muscles, as we can not control them. Smooth muscles help your lungs expand when you breathe. 

Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal muscles are connected to your bones. They allow you to perform a wide range of movements and functions. Skeletal muscles are voluntary, you have control over them.

Your muscles are made of bundles of muscle cells forming muscle tissue. There are 3 types of muscles. Drag and drop

1 - _________ muscle cells contract and relax to pump blood around our bodies.

2 - ________ muscle cells made up of thin sheets of muscle, such as the stomach lining.

3 - ________ muscle is joined to the bones. Its cells contract to make bones move and joints bend.

Smooth

Cardiac

Skeletal

What are the main functions of muscles?

Movement

Posture

Heat production

Joint stability

Heat Production

Posture

When the muscles contract, they provide heat to the body. This allows the body to regulates in temperature.

The muscles allow the skeleton to have an upright posture. They support the body's position.  

Movement

Joint Stability

Muscles contract and relax for your bones to move. Muscles are joined to bones via tendons. Muscles allow for involuntary and voluntary movements. 

The muscles in our bones stabilize the joints. Without good joint stability, joints can grind together, leading to wear and tear.

4.2 What are the four main functions of muscles?

In sentences, explain what each of the functions is and why it is important for our body.

Antagonistic Muscles

Muscles can only contract and relax. This means for skeletal muscles they can pull on bones. They cannot push them back. This would mean that if your joints were moved by one muscle, then you would be able to move them once and not return them to their original position. We can move our joints backward and forward because our skeletal muscles come in pairs, called antagonistic muscles. 

Knee

The knee joint has two muscles that move the shin up or down: the hamstrings and the quadriceps.

- To pull the shin backward (before the ball is kicked), the hamstrings contract and the quadriceps relax.

- They move the shin forwards (when the ball is kicked), the quadriceps contract, and the hamstring relax.

Elbow

The elbow joint has two muscles that move the forearm up or down. These are the biceps on the front of the upper arm and the triceps on the back of the upper arm.

- To raise the forearm, the biceps contract, and the triceps relax

- To lower the forearm, the triceps contract and biceps relax.

Heart

Quadricep

Intestines

Bicep

Pectorals

Hip flexors

Tibialis anterior

What muscles would you find on the back side of a human?

4.3 Identify and locate the skeletal muscles in the body.

Identify and locate various skeletal muscles in the human body.

- Abdominal muscles

- Stomach lining muscles

- Bicep

- Quadriceps

- Hamstrings

- Cardiac muscles

- Triceps

- Gluteus Maximus

- Rhomboids

How did that go?

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