English 6 - Chapter 13

• English
• Primary Education
• Age 6

Using 1 word, describe how you're feeling at the moment.

Adjectives

Chapter 13 - Lesson 121

What are adjectives?

• An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
• It makes sentences clearer and more interesting

I wake up _________ (early) than my alarm clock.

Choose the adjective that best describes the weather on a summer day.

1. windy
2. cold
3. hot
4. spicy

Find the adjective in the sentence:
The stone cottage is now a restaurant.

1. stone
2. cottage
3. now
4. restaurant

Find the adjective in the sentence:
My mom cooks the tastiest tinola.

1. mom
2. cooks
3. tinola
4. tastiest

1. My mom cooks tasty tinola.
   
   
2. My mom cooks a tastier tinola than my sister.
   
   
3. My mom cooks the tastiest tinola.

What do you notice in the sentences?

Degrees of Adjectives - expresses the intensity of an adjective in increasing order.

POSITIVE

hot

tasty

handsome

good/well

bad

little

many

COMPARATIVE

hotter

tastier

more handsome

better

worse

less

more

SUPERLATIVE

hottest

tastiest

most handsome

best

worst

least

most

• Generally, we add -er and -est to one and two-syllable adjectives. We add "more" and "most" for adjectives with three or more syllables. 
  
  
• Use "than" with comparative adjectives. Make sure to only compare two things in this degree.
  Example: brighter
  My room's light bulb is brighter than the one in the living room.
  
  
• DO NOT forget to add "the" in front of every superlative adjective when used in a sentence. You can compare three or more things in this degree.
  Example: tallest
  Simon is the tallest student in his class. 
• Let's try it out!

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

best

hotter

confident

much

less exciting

furthest

most friendly

better

bad

The walking stick is _________ (long) insect alive today.

Deer are _________ (fast) runners.

I do not like showering in ______ (cold) water.

Which is _____ (good), being a night owl or an early bird?

Adjectives that appear in front of the noun it describes are diagrammed like this:

(Sentence pattern: S-V)

Predicate Adjectives come after a linking verb and describe the subject.  

(Sentence Pattern: S-LV-PA)

We diagram it like this:

Let's look at the sentence pattern S-V-IO-DO

them

the

coach

Gatorade

gave

sweet

mangoes

arrived

feel

sleepy

students

we

him

cooked

noodles

spicy

Let's diagram special adjectives!

Sentence: The visitors enjoy a big feast. (S-TV-DO)

Special Adjectives

*we can also call them modifiers
Chapter 13 - Lesson 122

What are special adjectives?

• an article --> a, an, the
  
• a proper adjective --> capitalized (mostly proper nouns)
          Examples: 
                Swiss cheese    Marcos administration    Scottish egg
• a demonstrative --> this, that, these, those
• gerunds --> verbs ending in -ing followed by a noun
          Examples:
          swimming pool      living room      exciting book    
  
  

Let's diagram special adjectives!

Sentence: Those flowers are pretty. (S-LV-PA)

Let's diagram special adjectives!

Sentence: The Japanese call the moon tsuki. (S-TV-IO-DO)

Which CANNOT be used as an adjective?

1. this
2. Philippine
3. the
4. bring

Which statement is FALSE?

1. Adjectives describe or modify nouns and pronouns.
2. Adjectives make sentences richer and more interesting.
3. Adjectives need to be placed before the word it modifies.
4. Some adjectives can be found far from the word it modifies.

Type ALL the adjectives you see in this sentence:

That butterfly feeds on the nectar of an exotic plant.

rocks

The

song

are

fluffy

bunnies

are

beetles

colorful

these

has

this

spines

caterpillar

fuzzy

Adverbs Modifying Verbs

Chapter 13 - Lesson 123

Using 1 word, describe how well you did in the English exam.

What are adverbs?

• Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They provide information about how, when, where, or to what extent something happens.
  
  
• you can transform adjectives to adverbs by simply adding an ly
  some examples: 
  anxiously      bravely      calmly       eagerly      tiredly
  
  
• not and never are always adverbs when used near a verb

Which sentence uses an adverb correctly?

1. She sings beautifully.
2. He walks slow.
3. They run fastly.
4. I eat quick.

Which word is an adverb in the sentence: 'She runs quickly'?

1. she
2. runs
3. the
4. quickly

Identify the adverb in the sentence 'They worked extremely hard on the project.'

1. they
2. hard
3. worked
4. extremely

"Degrees" of Adverbs - expresses the intensity of an adverb in increasing order. 

Some adjectives are also adverbs. See the underlined words below.

POSITIVE

fast

slowly

late

well

lovely

COMPARATIVE

faster

more slowly

later

better

more lovely

SUPERLATIVE

fastest

most slowly

latest

best

most lovely

What is the comparative form of the adverb 'badly'?

1. bad
2. most bad
3. worse
4. badlier

What is the comparative form of the adverb 'quickly'?

1. quicklier
2. quick
3. more quickly
4. most quickly

What is the superlative form of the adverb 'well'?

1. welliest
2. good
3. best
4. better

Which adverb form is used when comparing three or more actions?

1. neutral
2. superlative
3. comparative
4. positive

Which adverb form is used when comparing two actions?

1. superlative
2. comparative
3. positive
4. neutral

1.  Adverbs of manner - how?                   quickly, elegantly, lazily, clearly, keenly
   
   
2.  Adverbs of time - when?                       now, today, tomorrow, next month
   
   
3.  Adverbs of place - where?                     anywhere, outside, left, right, south, east
   
   
4.  Adverbs of frequency - how often?    rarely, often, seldom, frequently, yearly
   
   
5.  Adverbs of degree                                   very, too, much, more, little, barely, totally
   - how much? (intensity, not the price)

Types of Adverbs

1.  Adverbs of manner - how?                   She seriously answered the exam.
   
   
2.  Adverbs of time - when?                       Make sure to submit it next week.
   
   
3.  Adverbs of place - where?                     My father went outside to get the mail.
   
   
4.  Adverbs of frequency - how often?    She goes to the dentist annually.
   
   
5.  Adverbs of degree                                   They are most excited for the break.

Types of Adverbs

1. We often go on morning jogs.

2. We live south of Metro Manila.

3. Laboratory materials should be handled carefully. 

4. I promise to wake up early tomorrow.

5. My family does not like mint ice cream very much.

when

how

where

how much

how often

Let's diagram adverbs!

Sentence: The moon is very bright tonight. (S-LV-PA)

Let's diagram adverbs!

Sentence: The artist paints beautifully. (S-V)

Let's diagram adverbs!

Sentence: She eagerly played the new game. (S-TV-DO)

1. He always showers after the gym. 

2. I fell asleep one lazy afternoon.

3. Do you consider yourself a fast learner? 

4. The boy runs the fastest among his teammates.

5. She is first in the class ranking.

adjective

adverb

adverb

adjective

adjective

Adverbs Modifying Adjectives & Adverbs

Chapter 13 - Lesson 124

• Adverbs modify verbs. They can also modify adjectives and other adverbs. 
  
  
• Adverbs that modify adjectives or adverbs are classified as adverbs of degree. They answer the question to what extent? or to what level?
  
  
• These types of adverbs ALWAYS come before the words that they modify.

Let's diagram adverbs!

Sentence: Some insects sing very noisily. (S-V)

Let's diagram adverbs!

Sentence: The cicada very carefully sheds its skin. (S-TV-DO)

Let's diagram adverbs!

Sentence: The insect was unusually brightly colored. (S-LV-PA)

Let's diagram adverbs!

Sentence: Bees do not fly swiftly. (identify the pattern)

was

very

bright

sun

the

dinner

quite

ate

speedily

Tim

found

Dana

 a

quickly

seat

quite

Modifiers:

Prepositional Phrases

Modifying Nouns, Pronouns, & Verbs

Chapter 13 - Lesson 125 - 127

Do you remember prepositions?
Type 1-2 prepositions you remember!

• Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and other words in a sentence.
  
  
• Object of the Preposition (OP) is the noun or pronoun being acted on, referenced, or affected by the preposition
  
  
• Prepositional Phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

• Prepositional phrases can modify nouns, pronouns, and verbs. They act as adjectives or adverbs in these cases.
  
  
• Prepositional phrases are often near the word it modifies.
  
  Can you identify the word these prepositional phrases modify? 

Noun, Pronoun, and Verb Modifier

Type the word that the prepositional phrase is describing.

Students of the graduating class are busy all month long.

Type the word that the prepositional phrase is describing.

The cat sneaked quietly into the room.

Type the word that the prepositional phrase is describing.

We washed our hands with soap and water.

Type the word that the prepositional phrase is describing.

The cat is on the cold floor.

Is the prepositional phrase acting as an adjective or as an adverb? 

1. He gave up without trying.

2. The boy in the white T-shirt is my cousin.
 

3. The little girl jumped with excitement.

4. The book on the last shelf is the one I read last week.

5. Mrs. Cruz thanked everyone for their time. 

Is the prepositional phrase an adjective or an adverb? 

Is the prepositional phrase acting as an adjective or as an adverb? 

6. The apartment on the left has just been vacated.

7. During the pandemic, many people lost their jobs.

8. The seat near the window is mine.

9. We went to the vintage car museum.

10. Jerry likes to read historical books.

Is the prepositional phrase an adjective or an adverb? 

How do we diagram prepositional phrases?

Let's diagram prepositional phrases

Sentence: The little girl jumped with excitement. (S-V)

Let's diagram prepositional phrases

Sentence: The boy in the white T-shirt is my cousin. (S-LV-PN)

Let's diagram prepositional phrases

Sentence: The chickens laid eggs on haystacks. (S-TV-DO)

Insects

for

useful

are

some

farmers

ants

fifty

can eat

in

day

Ladybugs

a

communication

process

of

advanced

The

is

much

very

Confusing Words

Chapter 13 - Lesson 128

Is the prepositional phrase acting as an adjective or as an adverb? 

good -> always an adjective                     well -> always an adverb

between is used for 2 things                   among is used for 3 or more things

fewer/fewest & less/least -> adjectives on their own. 

  *Use fewer for plural count nouns and less for singular and uncountable nouns.

less becomes an adverb when placed before an adjective

examples: 

• I am less tired after drinking coffee.
• She was the least prepared among the contestants. 

Some pairs of modifiers can be confusing because they have similar meanings.

The ants divided the food ___________ themselves.

1. between
2. among

Some ants eat _______ food.

1. fewer
2. less

The valedictorian studies _________.

1. well
2. good

There were __________ attendees compared to the last concert.

1. less
2. fewer