Les 4 - §3.2 Water balance

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Groundwater

Infiltration

Gas becomes liquid

Glacier

Planning

• Discuss the worksheet on clouds
• Start with §3.2
• Video about waterissues
• Test question

Key words §3.2

Water balance (waterbalans): The amount of water that goes into and out of an area

Useful precipitation (nuttige neerslag): The difference between precipitation and evaporation

Fossil water (fossiel water): Water under the ground that dates back to ancient times

Aquifer (Aquifer): Layer that holds water underground

Renewable water sources (vernieuwbaar water): A source of water that replenishes at the same rate it is used

Non-renewable water sources (Niet-vernieuwbaar water): A source of water that barely gets replenished, or not at all. So if it is used it will eventually run out. Like an aquifer.

Sustainable water management (Duurzaam waterbeheer): A way of using water which only uses renewable water sources.

Water balance

Water balance (waterbalans): The amount of water that goes into and out of an area

Water coming in

Three main ways

• Precipitation (neerslag)
• Rivers
• Fossil water (fossiel water): Water under the ground that dates back to ancient times

Precipitation

Useful precipitation (nuttige neerslag): The difference between precipitation and evaporation

Rivers

• Water coming from other areas
• Dependent on other countries upstream

Fossil water

• Fossil water (fossiel water): Water under the ground that dates back to ancient times
• Aquifer (Aquifer): Layer that holds water underground

Water going out

• Evaporation
• Runoff

Sustainable water management

Renewable water sources (vernieuwbaar water): A source of water that replenishes at the same rate it is used

Non-renewable water sources (Niet-vernieuwbaar water): A source of water that barely gets replenished, or not at all. So if it is used it will eventually run out

Which of these sources of water is non-renewable?

1. Rivers
2. Precipitation
3. Aquifers
4. Making water from the air

Fossil water

• Fossil water (fossiel water): Water under the ground that dates back to ancient times
• Aquifer (Aquifer): Layer that holds water underground
• Most used in dry regions of the world

Toetsvraag

Take a good look at this map and think about the following question:

Why do these aquifers lead to conflicts between nations? Use the key word non-renewable water source in your answer

Why do these aquifers lead to conflicts between nations? Use the key word non-renewable water source in your answer

Why do these aquifers lead to conflicts between nations? Use the key word non-renewable water source in your answer

These aquifers cross borders with different countries, so multiple countries can get water from the same aquifer (1pt)

Aquifers are a non-renewable source of water, so they will at some point run out of water (1pt)

Many countries in Africa have a negative water balance (issues with water), and rely on aquifers for their water. (1pt)

If one country uses more water from the same aquifer other countries will have less water in the future, which is unfair, and can lead to conflicts (1pt)

Time for homework

§3.2 assignment 2ac, 3, 4, 6abc