defining & non-defining relative pronouns

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

h3e, Tuesday 12 March 2024

Defining and non-defining relative clauses

Lesson goals

At the end of this lesson:

• You can use relative clauses and relative pronouns.
• You can explain who you are talking about.

What is a relative clause?

Can you find one here:

My brother, who is 24 years old, still lives at home.

What is a relative clause?

Can you find one here:

My brother, who is 24 years old, still lives at home.

Relative Clause = betrekkelijke bijzin

The thief who robbed an old lady was sent to jail.

Een betrekkelijke bijzin geeft extra informatie over iets of iemand.

Relative pronouns

who - mensen

which - dieren en dingen

that - personen, dieren, dingen

but:

that = informeler dan who/which

that = NOOIT tussen 2 komma's

Relative clauses

Functie - geeft extra informatie. 

Defining relative clauses:  onmisbare informatie

Non-defining relative clauses:  onbelangrijke informatie

Begint vaak met betrekkelijk voornaamwoord = relative pronoun.

Relative pronouns

• Verwijzen terug naar een eerder genoemd woord
  
• Verbinden twee zinsdelen aan elkaar

Martin played Tennis with Sophie, who was slightly injured.

relative pronoun

Noa sold her phone, which was old and damaged.

relative pronoun

Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses:  onmisbare informatie

• Staan in het midden/einde van de zin
• Je gebruikt geen komma's!

He is the doctor who helped my grandmother.

This is the airport where I lost my bag.

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses:  onbelangrijke informatie 

(je kunt het weglaten zonder dat de betekenis verandert.)

• Staan in het midden/einde van de zin
• Begint en eindigt met een komma
• Je mag GEEN that gebruiken

The Times, which is published in London, is a daily newspaper.

The Times is a daily newspaper.

Relative pronouns weglaten

Je kunt een betrekkelijk voornaamwoord weglaten als:

• het een 'defining relative clause' is
• het al duidelijk is om wie of wat het gaat
• het pronoun NIET op het onderwerp slaat
  
• er een voornaamwoord achter staat

The flowers which he gave me were beautiful.

Persoonlijk: ik, jij, hij, etc.

Bezittelijk: mijn, zijn, onze, etc.

Wederkerend: me, je, zich, etc.

The flowers he gave me were beautiful.

Relative pronouns & voorzetsel

• Who / which samen met een voorzetsel gebruiken
  
• Voorzetsel staat meestal achteraan in de bijzin.

• Voorzetsel kan ook vooraan staan: formeler
• 'Who' verandert met voorzetsel soms in 'whom'

The officer, who Leed told his story to, was shocked.

The officer, to whom Leed told his story, was shocked.

Welk RELATIVE PRONOUN past in deze zin:
I want to read the book........you gave me.
(X = weglaten)

1. which, that , who
2. which, that, X
3. who, whose, whom
4. which, that

Welke RELATIVE pronoun past in deze zin:
The officer, ....... John told his story to, was nice

1. who, that
2. who, that, X
3. who
4. which, that

We had spaghetti, .... is my favourite meal, for dinner last night.

1. whom
2. whose
3. which
4. who

Welke 2 betrekkelijke voornaamwoorden horen bij personen?

1. who and that
2. who and which
3. which and whom
4. whose and who

He is a famous architect ...
designs won an international award last year.

1. who
2. which
3. that
4. whose

This is Mary, ...
is taking over my job when I leave.

1. who
2. which
3. that
4. whose

The photocopier, ...
has a two-year guarantee, cost $2000.

1. who
2. which
3. that
4. whose

He is the consultant ...
advice I rely on.

1. whose
2. who
3. that
4. whom

The people ...
were stopped at the border were all from Eastern Europe.

1. whose
2. which
3. that
4. whom

Any questions??

Now work for yourself

Open your book on page 86.

Do all exercises of 7.4, write answers in your notebook.

Read the Grammar Box to help you.

About exercise 6: make sure you write sentences with 'which'!

Finished? Show me your answers.

All correct? Start the online assignments of 7.4. 

I can use relative clauses and relative pronouns correctly.

I surely can. And I can explain it to the person who is sitting next to me

I think I can, but I might need some practice material, which I can find...

I am not sure. I think I need to study the info, which I can find...

I can't. Is there someone out there who can help me?

7.6 Speaking: page 88

We read the dialogue together: Who's the guy at the back?

Do exercise 4 in pairs. Read the sentences in the speaking box.

Choose a person in the photo (page 132 or 138). 

Don't say who it is, yet.

Take turns in asking questions about this person.

Who are you thinking about?

Lesson goals

At the end of this lesson:

• You can use relative clauses and relative pronouns.
• You can explain who you are talking about.

Homework: Finish Assignments 7.4 & 7.6.

Study the word list for Unit 7.

On Friday

Final lesson before the testweek.

Prepare your questions. 

Do you know what to study and how?