Industrial revolution intro

Industrial revolution
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Slide 1: Woordweb
GeschiedenisMiddelbare schoolmavoLeerjaar 3

In deze les zitten 20 slides, met interactieve quiz, tekstslides en 1 video.

Onderdelen in deze les

Industrial revolution

Slide 1 - Woordweb

England 1700

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

England 1800

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

                                    

                     Changes in agriculture

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION (England 18th century)

- new techniques (crop rotation, new products)
- new tools (mechanisation)

result: greater agricultural yields
large landowners profit
small farmers/tenant farmers find it difficult







Slide 5 - Tekstslide

New implements: seeder from Jetro Tull

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Demographic Revolution
  • Consequence of greater agricultural yields: population grows.
  • 1750-1850 England: from 6 to 18 million inhabitants.                                                 
  • More clothing needed => favourable for textile industry.

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

Cottage industry
Population growth meant more clothing was needed. An opportunity for the small farmers to supplement their income. Work consisted mainly of weaving and spinning.  
Producing goods at home is called cottage industry. It rose sharply in the 18th century
The industrial revolution put an end to this growth

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

Weavers and spinners
Traditionally, more spinners were needed than weavers        
With the invention of the shuttle, weaving went even faster. This put even more pressure on innovations within the spinning process                                                                                                
Success followed after some 30 years: the spinning jenny.                   
Both the shuttle and the spinning jenny could be used within cottage industries.

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Shooting spool

1733


To make clothes faster, you need to be able to weave faster.
Englishman John Kay invented the shuttle. It allows you to weave much faster than by hand.
The shuttle was not yet a real machine: it was operated by hand.

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

Spinning Jenny
1764
If you can weave faster, you also need more thread.
With James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny, you could spin 8 and later 16 threads at a time
Shooting spool and Spinning Jenny: example of looking crrtically at improvements

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Shooting spool
Spinning Jenny

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

From muscle power to hydropower
The Spinning Jenny was a real improvement but even so, fabric production was still very slow. More and more inventions were made to increase textile production.
For example, Richard Arkwright invented a loom that you could connect to a waterwheel: the waterframe (1767).
The water frame was large ánd because it needed running water, it was placed in buildings suitable for it > the first factories.

Slide 14 - Tekstslide

Hydropower
The water frame required water, of course. So this could no longer be done in cottage industries.
Entrepreneurs built large buildings near water in which they put these machines et voilá, the birth of factories
Drawback?

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

From Hydropower to steam power
To make the Water Frame (water wheel) turn, you need running water, otherwise the wheel will not turn, after all. Especially in summer, there is not always enough running water available. 
So inventors worked on another solution. This solution was steam power. James Watt's improvement of the steam engine in 1776 enabled steam power to be used for spinning and later for weaving.

Slide 16 - Tekstslide

From Hydropower to steam power
Soon, more and more factories were built with steam engines. 
The knowledge of the steam engine also applied to transport: steamboats, trains. so there was a huge acceleration within the transport of raw materials as well as finished products
Factories could now be built anywhere. So no longer necessarily on a river or by the sea or close to the raw material needed.  
Factories were increasingly built in areas where enough workers were available. 
Unemployed farm workers flocked to the factories 

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

from small-scale manual production in the cottage industry ...
... to large-scale machine production in factories

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

Slide 20 - Video