4.5 the Rise of Islam

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• mavo
• Leerjaar 1

AGE 3: The Time of monks and knights

4.5 the rise of Islam 

What is this lesson about?

When missionaries started to spread Christianity in Europe, a new religion came into existence on the Arabian peninsula: Islam. How did Islam become a world religion?

What are the main questions of this lesson?

How did Islam become a widespread religion?

Muhammad said he was the prophet of Allah, God. In 632, he united nearly all Arabic tribes under one religion: Islam. Within hundred years, Islam had spread from Spain to India.

Why did Muslims live peacefully with Christians and Jews?

Christians and Jews were allowed to keep practising their religions, because of similarities with Islam. But they had to pay extra taxes.

Why did Europe not become Islamic?

The Frankish leader Charles Martel defeated Muslim raiders from Spain at the Battle of Poitiers in 732. In the east, Muslims did not succeed in seizings Constantinople.

Word Duty

Caliph: political and religious leader of the Ummah.

Hijrah: the journey of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina.

Islam: monotheistic religion started in the 7th century.

Jihad: Islamic struggle for God.

Muhammad: founder of the Islam. According to Muslims, he was the messenger of God.

Muslims: followers of Muhammad believing in one God: Allah.

prophet: messenger from God.

Quran: holy book for Muslims with messages which Muhammad received from God.

Ummah: community of Muslims.

KEY WORDS

B. Bedouin culture on the Arabian Peninsula

Arabic Peninsula = Arabisch schiereiland.

• mostly desert
• nomadic people (bedouins)

• cross point of trade routes between Europe, Africa and Asia
• Important cities: Medina and Mecca

C. Muhammad and the origin of Islam

• Around 570 AD, Muhammad was born in Mecca

• At the age of forty, Muhammad received messages from God.
• These messages were written in the Quran.
• Muhammad saw himself as a prophet: a messenger from God.
• He began to teach that Allah was the only God
• The new, monotheistic religion was called Islam

D. Struggle and spread of the Islam

• In 622 Muhammad fled to Medina.
• This move is called the Hijrah
• 622 is the first year of the Muslim calendar.
• Muhammad became a military and a religious leader
• he fought and defeated his enemies, the Quraysh.
• he then destroyed the statues in the Ka'aba
• only Allah was worshipped in Mecca from then on.
• Muhammad died in 632 AD

F. The Arab Empire

• The successor of Muhammad was called a caliph
• the caliph was both a political and religious leader.
• he converted people outside Arabia
• 100 years later the Arab empire stretched from Spain to India.

G. Tolerance towards Christians and Jews

• Christians and Jews were allowed to keep their own religion
• people with other religions could choose: convert to Islam or die.

H. Clash of power

• in 732 the Muslims attacked the Franks in France.
• The Muslims were defeated by the Frankish king Charles Martel (Charlemagne's grandfather).

00:29

Which statement is correct?


Statement 1: Muhammad was born in Mecca in 670 AD.
Statement 2: The Ka'aba is a place of worship.

1. both are correct
2. both are wrong
3. only 1 is correct
4. only 2 is correct

01:11

Which statement is correct?


Statement 1: The Ka'aba was place for monotheism.
Statement 2: Muhammad's belief was monotheism

1. both are correct
2. both are wrong
3. only 1 is correct
4. only 2 is correct

02:03

Which statement is correct?


Statement 1: Muhammad started work as a shepherd
Statement 2: Muhammad was married

1. both are correct
2. both are wrong
3. only 1 is correct
4. only 2 is correct

02:53

Which statement is correct?

Statement 1: in the cave Muhammad received a message from God
Statement 2: Muhammad was a prophet

1. both are correct
2. both are wrong
3. only 1 is correct
4. only 2 is correct

03:55

Which statement is correct?

Statement 1: the people of Mecca liked Muhammad's message
Statement 2: the message was written down in the Bible

1. both are correct
2. both are wrong
3. only 1 is correct
4. only 2 is correct

05:18

Which statement is correct?

Statement 1: Muhammad's flight is called the Quran.
Statement 2: Hijrah means "migration".

1. both are correct
2. both are wrong
3. only 1 is correct
4. only 2 is correct

05:59

In which year did the Hijrah take place?

1. 570
2. 602
3. 622
4. 637

06:53

Which statement is correct?

Statement 1: Muhammad's enemies were stronger in number.
Statement 2: After the battles less people became Muslim.

1. both are correct
2. both are wrong
3. only 1 is correct
4. only 2 is correct

07:56

Which statement is correct?

Statement 1: Muhammad placed new idols in the Ka'aba.
Statement 2: The people of Mecca were spared by the Muslims

1. both are correct
2. both are wrong
3. only 1 is correct
4. only 2 is correct

05:18

Which statement is correct?

Statement 1: Rich people from Mecca wanted to kill Muhammad
Statement 2: Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina

1. both are correct
2. both are wrong
3. only 1 is correct
4. only 2 is correct