2HAT/TTO §2.6 Recognising Rocks

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

§2.6 Recognising Rocks

Lesson goals:

1. Read §2.6

2. Notes on types of rocks

3. Quiz questions on rocks

2. Watch video Rock cycle & fill in the Gap Text

What does a rock contain?

Rock contains minerals and organic substances

Minerals: 

1. chemical characteristics (e.g. crystal)

2. hardness (e.g. chalk is softer than diamonds)

Organic substances: e.g. lignite (bruinkool) / coal (steenkool)

Types of rock

1. Igneous rock (stollingsgesteente) 

a. Intrusive - (dieptegesteente)

b. extrusive - (uitvloeiingsgesteente), 

2. Sedimentary rock (sedimentair- / afzettingsgesteente) 

a. clastic sediments (consists of rock particles = clasts)

b. chemical or organic sediments                      

3. Metamorphic rock (metamorfe gesteente)

Igneous Rock

Igneous rock: cooling of hot, liquid magma (magma / lava) 

a. Granite: (graniet) intrusive igneous rock which cools under the surface. Slow cooling => formation of crystals

b. Basalt: (basalt) extrusive igneous rock. Solid lava. Rapid cooling => no crystals.

Granite

Basalt

Sedimentary Rock

Formed by sedimentation of loose material by wind, water or ice.

a. Limestone (kalksteen) : accumulation of remains of sea animals. 

Also: Belgian freestone (Belgisch hardsteen): Type of limestone. Vestibule in room 110 and 109.  

b. Boundstone: clastic rock, clasts consist of fossiles.  

Sandstone

Limestone

Boundstone

Metamorphic rock

Formed by high pressure and temperatures 

a. Slate (Leisteen) : clay which has been transformed. Het gaat van een leien dakje..  

b. Gneiss (Gneiss) : sandstone / granite which has been transformed.

Slate

Gneiss

Sandstone

Limestone

Gneiss

Basalt

Marble

Granite

Intrusive igneous rock is formed

1. outside the volcano
2. in the middle of the ocean
3. inside the volcano
4. On the surface of the continents

Basalt contains ................. because it cools down very ...............

1. crystals - fast
2. no crystals - fast
3. crystals - slow
4. no crystals - slow

Limestone is made of

1. remains of sea fossils
2. igneous rocks
3. sediments of sand
4. metamorphic sediments

The Rock Cycle

Gap text: Types of rock and rock cycle:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pwlr2uSSgcc

There are three types of rock, Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock. Igneous rock is rock which results from 1.................. Granite is intrusive igneous rock which cools 2.................... the surface. Basalt is 3.................... rock which cools on top of the surface. Sedimentary rock is rock formed of sediments. These are materials which settle at the bottom of a 4....................... Layers of sediments eventually form rocks. Organic matter can build up on the 5...................... and is compressed during many thousands of years. Examples of sedimentary rock are limestone (kalksteen), 6..................... (krijt) and sandstone. 7...................... (steenkool) is made of dead trees and plants which have 8....................... Metamorphic rock is rock which has been 9........................... over time. Other types of rock change due to heat and 10......................... Marble derives from 11.............................. and 12.................... derives from clay. This is the rock cycle: magma (cooling and crystalizing) => igneous rock => sediments (lithification) => sedimentary rock (heat and pressure) => metamorphic rock (melting) => magma etc....

Lithification = hardening of the rock

Key

1. fire; 2.under 3. extrusive 

4. liquid 5.sea bed 6. chalk 

7. coal 8. fossilized 9. transformed 

10. pressure 11.limestone 12. slate (leisteen)