2.2 Swim, walk, fly!

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Welcome to chapter 2!

This chapter is about animals, which groups they can be divided in, and how animals work. We will only discuss paragraph 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3. This is because we only have half a year, so we do the most important ones only.

Planning

• Lesson goals
• Paragraph 2.2
• Practice how to make a summary
• Homework!

Lesson goals

• You can name the three different types of complex animals we can identify, based on how they move
• You can make a summary of a biology paragraph

Paragraph 2.2

To prepare, please read the paragraph first. If you have done that, please proceed to the next slide.

Drag the correct term to the correct type of movement!

Walking

Swimming

Flying

plantigrade

swim bladder

wings

tail fin

unguligrade

digitigrade

aerofoil

lift

flight feathers

Moving

• Walking
• Flying
• Swimming

• Animals use one or more of these for moving 

Two versions of movement

We have two ways of being able to move:

• Movement = moving a body part, but staying in the same place
• Locomotion = moving the whole body to another place

• All animals can perform movement, but not all can perform locomotion!

Can you think of an animal that can move (movement), but cannot go to a different place (locomotion)?

Walking

 On legs, mostly on land 

Three types:

• Plantigrades walk on the whole foot
• Digitigrades walk on their toes
• Unguligrades walk on the tips of their toes

Flying

In the air (obviously..)

• Have to be very light (small animals, hollow bones)
• Wings are large, shaped as an aerofoil
• Wind pushes the wings up, which is called lift

Next slide =  a video about how wings work!

Swimming

Happens in the water

• Tail fin: moving forwards
• Other fins: all other sides 
• Torpedo-shaped body 
• Swim bladder keeps fish afloat

That was paragraph 2.2!

Now we will practice making a summary of this paragraph.. 

How will we do this?

• I will show you similar slides as last lesson, but this time I will not tell you the answer. 
• After the slide, you get a question, which you have to answer.
• Sometimes I will tell you to write it down (recognize it by this symbol:      ), and if you do that you have a complete summary! 

Write this down!

How do you start?

• Very easy: the title of your summary should be the title of the paragraph you're making a summary of. To show that this is your title, you could give it a colour or make it bigger/bold if you want.
• Write down the title of this paragraph in your notebook

Write this down!

Step 2: Read the paragraph

• Read the paragraph, and try to figure out what it is about. Have a look at all the subtitles in the paragraph, and all the other bolded words.

Name a few bolded words that you can find in the paragraph

Step 3: Introduction

• Each paragraph has an introduction. Your summary should too. Find the most important sentence in the introduction, or make your own sentence.

• Write down that sentence 

Write this down!

Step 4: Find the logic

• When you read the paragraph, you're going to look for the logic in the text. Often, the bigger bolded titles help you with that. This means that the text is divided into several parts.
• Which ones can you find in this paragraph?

What are the bolded titles that help you divide paragraph 2.1 into several parts?

Step 4: Find the logic

• In this case, this means that the paragraph is divided into three parts. Your summary should then also be divided into three parts. 
• You can show this in your summary by separating them with space (so leave a line white between the parts), or by giving each one a different colour.

Step 5: Summarize each part

• Part 1: ...
• First, you write down what the title means (what is it?)
• You can find this in the text!

Write this down!

Step 5: Summarize each part

• Part 1: ...
• Second, you see if there are other characteristics in the text that seem important
• Write the characteristics down, you could use bullet points for them.

• If there are many long sentences, you are allowed to make them shorter, as long as you still understand what you mean!
• You can also add extra information if you think it makes it more clear

Write this down!

Step 5: Summarize each part

• Part 1: ...
• Last, often you can make the explanation more clear with an example. The book (almost) always does this as well.
• So: write down an example!

Write this down!

What was your example?

Step 5: Summarize each part

• Repeat this for the other two parts!
• The easiest way to do this is to see if there is information in the other two parts that is similar to the one you found in part 1.
• If you need to add more, you can always do that. But remember: it is a summary, so keep it as short as possible!
• If there is information that you already know, you are allowed to leave it out

Step 6: check your summary

Done? Read the whole summary and see if it is complete

• If you want to make things more clear, you can underline the important words in a sentence!

• This was a lot of information at once. Next lesson, you will try again, but then without my help! Please finish your summary and hand it in (instructions in the next slide) 

Homework!

• Make exercise 8-17 of paragraph 2.2 to see if you understand the paragraph
• Hand in your summary of paragraph 2.2: take a picture of it and send it to me in a message via SomToday (itslearning doesn't work for me unfortunately). Deadline: before the next lesson.