Grammar recap

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Grammar recap

Past simple vs present perfect

1. past simple

Rule

= over and done

= niet meer zichtbaar, voelbaar, relevant

hints: yesterday, ago, in (jaartal)

Form:

ww+ ed  or irregular / didn't + INF    uitzondering: was/were > wasn't/ weren't

present perfect

2. present perfect

Rule

= action that started in the past and is still going on

bv. We have been married for 25 years.

= action up to now (tot nu toe)

bv. I have been to the Efteling 5 times in my life.

= action that happened in the past and is still visible/ relevant

bv. I have been in an accident. (Context: you can see the wreckage/ you are hurt/ ...)

   hints:  yet, for, just, how long, already, (n)ever, since

  Form:

  have/ has + ww+ed/irregular

  haven't/ hasn't  + ww+ed/irregular

We (see) his performance two months ago.

I (be) in a fight.
(When you have a black eye)

When ... (leave / you) school?
In 2012.

We (travel) to Spain in 2001.

We (travel) to Spain for 4 times.

Future simple vs going to

1. Future simple

Rule

= prediction, uncertain  I think I will go to Eindhoven tomorrow.    

= promise                           I promise/ swear

= offer (aanbieden)         Shall I get you something to drink?

= aankondiging/besluit over toekomst

                                                  We will go to Eindhoven.

= ongeplande beslissingen       You need help? I'll help you out!

= facts about future        Trump will be the next president of the United States.

Hints

probably, maybe, I think,

Form

will / won't + infinitive

Note: Question using future simple:

ow = I / we  > shall

Shall I fetch you some water?

2. Going to-future

Rule

prediction, pretty certain > signs

                 Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.

plan for the future (non-specific)

                We are probably going to travel to Europe next 

                 year.

Form

am/are/is  + going to + ww

I promise I (clean) up my room tomorrow.

You have failed all the previous exams. You (fail) the next exams as well by the looks of it.

I think you (be) very succesful in life.

past perfect vs past simple

Rule

a. ___<________________<________NOW ___________________>

   pa perfect              past simple

= 2 actions in the past, first action being past perfect

After  I had taken a shower, I went to bed.

b.  Aantal keren dat iets gebeurd is/hoe lang iets bezig is op een bepaald moment in het verleden

By 2012 they had been married for 25 years.

      

Hints:

As soon as, by (the time), before, after

form:

had/ hadn't + ww+ed/irregular

After I (eat) I (go) to my friend's house.

1. ate, had gone
2. eated, had gone
3. had eaten, went
4. had eated, gone

By 2022, half of the population (die)

1. died
2. had died
3. diyed
4. had dyed

Future continuous

Rule

= lange actie die bezig zal zijn in de toekomst. Vaak staat er een specifieke tijdsindicatie bij.

              This time next month, in two weeks

Form:

will be + ww+ ing

Future perfect

Rule

= je verwijst naar een handeling die in de toekomst voltooid zal zijn op een bepaald moment

Hints 

By (time indication)

Form:

will have + ww+ed/irregular

I (finish) the report by the deadline next Monday.

This time next week, I (sit) on the beach in Mexico!