Major Landforms in Canada

• Geography
• Lower Secondary (Key Stage 3)

Major Landforms in Canada

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Learning Objectives

• At the end of the lesson, you should be able to identify the major landforms in Canada.
• At the end of the lesson, you should understand the geographical characteristics of each landform.
• At the end of the lesson, you should be able to explain how these landforms influence the climate, biodiversity, and human activities in Canada.

What do you already know about the major landforms in Canada?

Introduction to Canadian Geography

• Canada is a country with diverse and unique landforms.
• Landforms have a significant impact on climate, biodiversity, and human activities.

Canadian Shield

• The largest geographical area of Canada.
• Known for its ancient rock formations.

Geographical extent of the Canadian Shield

• The Canadian Shield is the exposed portion of the continental crust underlying the majority of North America.
• It extends from northern Mexico to Greenland.
• The Shield makes up 50% of Canada's land mass, including Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and the Arctic Archipelago.
• It also reaches into parts of the United States.

What percentage of Canada's land mass does the Canadian Shield make up?

1. 75%
2. 50%
3. 25%
4. 100%

Which Canadian provinces does the Canadian Shield cover?

1. Ontario
2. Quebec
3. Manitoba
4. Labrador

Which countries does the Canadian Shield extend to?

1. Canada
2. Greenland
3. Mexico
4. United States

Composition and age of the Canadian Shield

• The rocks that make up the Canadian Shield are at least 1 billion years old.
• The Shield consists of hard rocks, including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
• These rocks form the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves.

Impact of the Canadian Shield on settlement and resources

• The Canadian Shield has yielded great resources, including minerals like gold, silver, and copper.
• It is covered in coniferous forests, providing timber resources.
• The Shield also has the capacity for hydroelectric developments, making it an important source of renewable energy.

Canadian Shield

• Canadian Shield: The exposed portion of the continental crust underlying the majority of North America that extends from northern Mexico to Greenland.
• North American Craton: Another name for the Canadian Shield.
• Continental Crust: The layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks which form the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves.

Appalachian Mountains

• A mountain range in eastern Canada.
• Known for its old, eroded peaks.

Location of the Appalachian Mountains

• Mountain range in eastern North America
• Extends from Canada to Alabama

Geological Structure and History

• Arrangement of rock units in the region
• Extensive folding and faulting
• Formation dates back millions of years

Climate of the Appalachian Region

• Varied climate due to its size and elevation
• Cooler temperatures at higher elevations
• Precipitation varies from region to region

Alpachian

Kyiv

Biodiversity and Ecosystems

• Rich biodiversity with diverse plant and animal species
• Forests, rivers, wetlands, and mountains
• Home to endangered species like the Appalachian elktoe mussel

Cultural and Historical Significance

• Native American history and heritage
• European settlement and Appalachian culture
• Role in the American Revolution and Civil War

White settlers

Native Americans

Definition List

• Appalachian Mountains: A mountain range in eastern North America extending from Canada to Alabama
• Geological structure: The arrangement of rock units in a region
• Biodiversity: The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem
• Ecosystem: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
• Climate: The weather conditions prevailing in an area over a long period

Rocky Mountains

• A major mountain range in western Canada.
• Known for its rugged peaks.

Great Plains

• A broad expanse of flat land in central Canada.
• Much of it covered in prairie.
• Fertile soil for agriculture.

Hudson Bay Lowlands

• A vast area of wetlands in northeastern Canada.
• Important for wildlife and bird migration.

Arctic Archipelago

• A group of thousands of islands in the northernmost part of Canada.
• Located in the Arctic region.

Summary

• Canadian Shield: Largest geographical area, ancient rock formations.
• Appalachian Mountains: Eroded peaks in the east.
• Rocky Mountains: Rugged peaks in the west.
• Great Plains: Broad expanse of flat land, fertile soil.
• Hudson Bay Lowlands: Vast wetlands in the northeast.
• Arctic Archipelago: Group of islands in the far north.

Which region is characterized by broad flat land and fertile soil?

1. Great Plains
2. Rocky Mountains
3. Hudson Bay Lowlands
4. Arctic Archipelago

Where can you find a group of islands in the far north?

1. Arctic Archipelago
2. Appalachian Mountains
3. Hudson Bay Lowlands
4. Rocky Mountains

Which geographical area is known for its ancient rock formations?

1. Great Plains
2. Canadian Shield
3. Rocky Mountains
4. Appalachian Mountains

What have you learned during this lesson? Write down all you can about it in 60 seconds. 

Homework

On your map of Canada add all the major landforms.

Add a key and labels.

I used to think...

Now I think...

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Homework

https://www.3dgeography.co.uk/canada-worksheets