Made in America - Women in the US military

• Made in America
• HBO
• Studiejaar 2

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Welcome!

Assignment

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The Civil War

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June 1861 - Union's Fledgling Corps of Female Nurses

Dorothea Dix appointed 3000 nurses.

Clara Barton

Angel of the Battlefield

6th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia 

I was strong and I thought I ought to go to the rescue of the men who fell, but...

1. I had trouble getting access to the medical supplies that were needed.
2. I struggled long and hard with my sense of propriety.
3. it was almost impossible to get myself and the supplies to the battlefield.
4. I was told to stay home.

“War came upon us hastily and terrible. Then you and I and all of us rose up and asked what we could do. I was strong – and I thought I ought to go to the rescue of the men who fell, but I struggled long and hard with my sense of propriety - with the appalling fact that I was only a woman whispering in one ear – and the groans of suffering men, dying like dogs, unfed and unsheltered for the life of the very institution which had protected and educated me, thundering in the other. 

I said that I struggled with my sense of propriety and I said it with humiliation and shame, before God and before you I am ashamed that I thought such a thing. But when our armies fought at Cedar Mountain I broke my shackles and went to the place.”

Over 20.000 women served as cooks, laundresses or matrons

Over 400 recorded female soldiers - dressed up as men

Sarah Edmonds AKA Franklin Thompson

Sarah Wakefield 

Elizabeth Van Lew

World War II

Government: "We need everyone!"

Who urged for the inclusion of women in the military during WW II?

1. Rosie the Riveter
2. Michelle Obama
3. First lady Eleanor Roosevelt
4. General Dwight Eisenhower

Government: "We need everyone!"

Government: "We need everyone!"

*British

If the Tommies* can do it, why can't we?

"Rosie the Riveter"

Based on a real-life munitions worker, Naomi Parker Fraley, but mostly a fictitious character. 

One of the most successful recruitment tools in American history. 

"High Pockets"

Claire Philips, an untrained spy who spied on Japanese officers as a cabaret ‘Club Tsubaki’.

"High Pockets"

Claire Philips, an untrained spy who spied on Japanese officers as a cabaret ‘Club Tsubaki’.

She was nicknamed ‘High Pockets’ because she used her bra to smuggle information.

"High Pockets"

Claire Philips, an untrained spy who spied on Japanese officers as a cabaret ‘Club Tsubaki’.

She was nicknamed ‘High Pockets’ because she used her bra to smuggle information.

She also smuggled food, medicine and other supplies to prisoners in the Philippines.

Elizabeth Thorpe Pack

She used seduction to extract information, including helping to acquire the first Enigma machine and securing Italian and Vichy French codebooks.

Elizabeth Thorpe Pack

She used seduction to extract information, including helping to acquire the first Enigma machine and securing Italian and Vichy French codebooks.

“Ashamed? Not in the least, my superiors told me that [...] my work saved thousands of [...] lives.... It involved me in situations from which 'respectable' women draw back – but mine was total commitment. 

Wars are not won by respectable methods.”

350.000 women served including:

• Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC)(1942) -> Women’s Army Corps (WAC)(1943)
• 60.000 Army nurses (stateside and overseas)
• Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP)
• Female spies for the Office of Strategic Services (Intelligence agency). 
• 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion (All African-American, all female batalion)

WASP: Civilians who flew stateside missions when male pilots were needed for combat missions. 

• Intelligence agency: Codebreakers, spies

21st Century

Can you guess which happened when?
Put these in the right order!

1950-1953

1972

1994

1998

2016

First female fighter pilots fly combat mission

All combat jobs open to women, without exceptions

During Korean War, approximatly 50,000 women serve in the military, many as Army nurses.

Commander Elizabeth Barret becomes the first woman to hold command in a combat zone.

Depart of Defense declares: "Women shall be excluded from assignment to units whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground."

Some numbers

20%

15%

19%

9%

17%

Army Maj. Gen. (Ret.)
 Mari K. Eder

Changes

Army Maj. Gen. (Ret.)
 Mari K. Eder

Changes

Army Spc.
Lori Piestewa

Changes

"Quote"

Which different motivations did you hear?

Freedom (Amendment I)

Right to defend yourself (Amendment II)

American dream

City on the Hill

Patriotism

Frontier mentality (exploring)

Exceptionalism

Equality (Amendment 13/14)

Can you link the presented motivation
to the American themes?