Nectar 2.4 injuries

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

2.4 Injuries

part 1

Question:

Have you ever suffered from an injury? If so, what kind of injury?

At the end of this class:

• I can explain how injuries can occur
• I can explain how a doctor treats a bone injury
• I can tell (and explain) which joint-injuries are possible

What causes injuries?

Injury =  damaged bone, muscle or joint

Falling, wrong movement or straining

Straining: repetitive movement for too long (using the same muscles or joints.

Bone injury

• Most bone fractures do not need surgery; a doctor can set  the pieces of bone. The pieces are put precisely against each other.
  
• Cast for 6 weeks (to prevent movement of the bones)
• Bones grow together > bone cells make extra bone tissue on the side of the fracture
• Afterwards this bump disappears

Joint injuries

Spraining (verstuiking)

• The ligaments and the joint capsule stretch too far (or tear) 

• keep it cool & high position
  

dislocation

• The head of the bone comes out of the joint socket 
  
• A doctor needs to relocate the head in the socket
  
• The ligaments are stretched or torn
• Rest for a couple of weeks!
  

Now it is your turn in 2.4:

* Start in your workbook on page 79 with assignment 3

* Done? Complete in the digital environment of 2.4 (Learning route C/or zie alles) assignment 1, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10

2.4 Injuries

Part 2

Knee injuries

• The body is turned with the lower leg in the same position
• torn cruciate ligament                  --> this makes the joint less strong
• Torn cartilage (meniscus)
• Surgery needed

At the end of this class:

• I can tell which muscular injuries are possible
• I can explain how to prevent injuries
• I can explain what a good posture is and what this is good for

Muscular injuries

• Sore muscle

Muscles get tired, vibrate or even stop working; this is due to waste products 

When waste products  (like lactic acid) stay behind in your muscles > sore muscles 

• Muscular bruise

Muscular fibres and blood vessels are damaged. 
blood vessels in the skin are damaged as well > bruise (=blauwe plek)  + swelling.

Muscular injuries

• Muscle cramp

A muscle can suddenly contract with force, while 
exercising intensively  > muscle is overloaded

• Muscular tear

Can occur when you do not rest after muscle 

cramp(!)

A tear in the muscles membranes, around the bundle of 

muscles. 

This muscular tear can happen suddenly > pulled muscle

How to prevent injuries?

Preventing injuries

1. Taping > against joint injuries

2. Warm-up > blood is already flowing to muscles, making contraction easier and less likely to become overloaded

3. Cooling down > to prevent muscle soreness. Stretching exercises allow blood to flow to remove the waste products

Good posture

The way you sit, stand or move

Good posture > less injuries!

• Straight back > backbone has double-S-shape

Good posture

Lift items with straight back >

use your legs

Good posture

Lifting items with bend back >

 intervertebral discs can be damaged or dislocate > nerves can get stuck >

This is a slipped disc 

(D: hernia)

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Homework:

2.4: * Start in your workbook on page 79 with assignment 3

* Done? Complete in the digital environment of 2.4 (Learning route C/or zie alles) assignment 1, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17 + complete test yourself assignment 8 t/m 14