Chapter 6 The Industrial Revolution

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

The Industrial Revolution

The age of citizens and steam engines

What is a revolution?

What is a revolution?

A revolution is a change from one -often political- system to another, in a relatively short time.
The industrial revolution: 1750 - 1900

Why do historians still call this development a revolution?

• Looking at the history of the human race 150 years is still relatively short
• It impacted and changed society so greatly that it's effects still last today.

What do you already know about the Industrial Revolution?

Are these inventions from before or during the Industrial Revolution?

Before the I.R.

During the I.R.

Locomotive

Telescope

Rifle

Dynamite

Land mines

Photograph

Spinning Jenny

Water turbine

6.1: The Industrial Revolution

Goals

• The students can give a definition for the concept of revolution. 
• The student can evaluate to what extent the concept revolution is applicable to the time period of 1750-1900
  
• 
  The student can give differences between agricultural societies and industrial societies
• The student can explain at least four causes of the Industrial Revolution in Great-Britain
• The student can explain the causes and effects of urbanisation.

Causes of the I.R. (Why Great Britain?)

• Great Britain had gone through an agricultural revolution since the seventeenth century This caused an abundance of food → population grew enormously → higher demand for products.
• People were interested in technology and progress → inventors and entrepreneurs, inspired by the problem, invented new machines and researched different energy sources to produce more in a shorter time (Spinning Jenny, water frame, steam power)→Those machines were too big and were placed in the first factories.
• There were a lot of natural resources in Great Britain (iron ore, coal).
• Great Britain had many colonies. They would get resources from there and sell their finished products for profit.

Effects of the I.R.

Industrialisation led to a decline in the agricultural sector (machines taking over many jobs) → unemployed people moved to the city to find work → growth in the industrial and service sector. Examples:

• Factory
  
• Banking
  
• Education
  
• Transportation
  

Urbanisation = the process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live in the city

6.2: The Social Issue

Goals

• The student can explain the difference between the estates system and the class system
• The student can explain what capitalism is and what kind of effects it has on 19th-century society
• The student can explain what socialism is and what kind of effects it has on 19th-century society

The class system 

Before the Industrial Revolution, most societies were divided into estates. Your ancestry would usually decide your estate.

During the industrial revolution, this changes to a class system. Your class is based on your income. How wealthier, how higher the class.

Drag the groups of people to the correct class

The upper class

The Middle Class

The Working Class

Factory owners

Factory workers

Doctors

Professors

Bankers

Capitalism

Capitalism = an economic system in which making profit and private ownership are essential. It’s all about making as much profit as possible.

Who benefited from this system?

• the upper and middle class. You need money to be able to invest and thus make a profit.

What was the effect of capitalism in the 19th century?

• Since employers wanted to make a profit, they would give their workers low wages.

Working conditions in the factories

• Long hours, but low wages --> everyone of the family had to work to survive (child labour)
• Adults operated the machines, while children did work as chimney sweeps or had to crawl into narrow spaces in mines or under machines to pick up cotton.
  
• Dangerous, monotonous, etc.

Living conditions in the industrial cities

• Special neighbourhoods for factory workers. 
• Families had to share one room that was often very small and badly insulated (cold in winter, damp and hot in summer) 
• The streets were filthy because people had no toilets or clean water supply. They threw their waste on the streets --> attracted rats and other vermin. These animals and polluted water caused diseases such as Cholera and Typhus, killing countless people.

Look at the source. Give a short description in your own words
of the living conditions, you see in the source.

Answer with correct Enligh sentences

Copy this table in your notebook and complete it with the information in paragraph 6.2 

What is Socialism?
What did socialists want to achieve?
How did they try to achieve this?
What did they achieve?
Important socialists