Intervention - Dover Castle

• History
• Upper Secondary (Key Stage 4)
• GCSE

Dover Castle

Y11 - Intervention

What do you remember about Dover Castle?

Label the parts of the castle - drag the name to the locations

Moat

Motte

Bailey

Drawbridge

Bridge

Palisade 

Keep

360 view of dover castle

When was the Roman Pharos in Dover Castle constructed?

1. 15th century AD
2. 5th century AD
3. 2nd century AD
4. 10th century AD

Roman Dover

Roman Dover

• 2nd Century - Dover base for Roman patrol ships. Evidence of a harbour wall discovered beneath the town.
• Fort built to protect the harbour
• Pharos (lighthouse) built - one of a pair (2nd one built otherside of Dover) helped guide them into the port
• Fort abandoned by Roman fleet early 3rd century but 2nd fort built by AD270 to improve defences and communication around Britain's coast.

How tall is the Roman Pharos in Dover Castle?

1. 50 feet
2. 80 feet
3. 120 feet
4. 100 feet

What is the structure of the Roman Pharos in Dover Castle made of?

1. Marble and granite
2. Squared and coursed flint with stone dressings
3. Brick and mortar
4. Wood and clay

Anglo-Saxon Dover

Anglo-Saxon Dover

• Dover remained an important port in the Saxon period, and a mint was created there in the 10th century. 
• The church of St Mary in Castro at the heart of Dover Castle is thought to have been built in the 10th or early 11th century. 
• Its large size, and the discovery in the 1960s of a Saxon cemetery underground nearby, suggests that there was a big community living on or near the hill. 
• The large size suggests that it had a royal benefactor funding its build - Godwin, Earl of Wessex.

What is the name of the church located within Dover Castle?

1. St. John in the Tower
2. St. Paul on the Hill
3. St. Peter in the Moat
4. St. Mary in Castro

Who was the first Christian king of Anglo-Saxon England?

1. King Æthelberht of Kent
2. King Offa of Mercia
3. King Alfred the Great
4. King Harold Godwinson

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Romans arrive in Britain

Emperor Hadrian begins building a wall

The Roman Army leave Britain

Church of St Mary in Castro built

Classis Britannica begin to patrol the English Channel

Pharos are built to guide the ships into port

What was the function of the Roman Pharos in Dover Castle?

1. Served as a fortress
2. Used for religious ceremonies
3. Functioned as a prison
4. Acted as a lighthouse and signaling station

Medieval Dover

Medieval Dover

• William the Conqueror establishes a fortification, extended in 12th century
• New pilgrimage route to Thomas Becket - needs to host important guests
• Loss of Duchy of Normandy - French now closer. 
• Castle sieged during First Barons war

How to attack and defend a medieval castle - siege tactics

When did William the Conqueror invade England?

1. 1215
2. 1492
3. 1348
4. 1066

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Louis VII of France arrives on pilgrimage

Henry II oversees huge rebuilding

Rebels take Dover Castle and imprison Prince Edward

Prince Louis of France besieges Dover twice and fails

9 baronies created to support Dover defence - supply knights to protect the castle

William the Conqueror burns down Dover before rebuilding it

Early Modern Dover

What is the significance of Tudor Dover Castle?

1. Key defensive fortress against invasion
2. Royal hunting lodge
3. Agricultural stronghold
4. Religious retreat

Which monarch used Tudor Dover Castle as a residence?

1. Henry VIII
2. Edward VI
3. Mary I
4. Richard III

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Parliamentarians take the castle

Parts of the castle are refurbished after neglect for Anne of Cleves arrival

Henrietta Maria stays on her way to marry Charles I

Henry VIII begins his reign

Great Tower is stripped and adapted to house French prisoners of war

English Civil War starts

Georgian Dover

Georgian Dover

• Failed French invasion meant defences tightened.
• French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars
• War ended 1815 - Dover Castle a formidable fortress and barracks
• New barracks (accommodation for 800) 1756-1757
• 1794-9: alter defences, cut down eastern outer wall, made earth rampart for a canon, lined outer ditch. Built new gunpowder magazines and military store.

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Twiss starts work on new defences

Great Tower converted into barracks

George I crowned King

Twiss' remodel finishes - barracks and tunnels built, existing defences upgraded

Curtain wall adapted to mount gun batteries

7 Years war began in Europe (England Vs France)

WW1 Dover

WW1 Dover

• War declared August 1914. Dover becomes home to Royal Navy Dover Patrol to defend Dover Strait.
• Garrison of 16,000 men in Dover, castle was the headquarters - training camps nearby.
• Anti-aircraft guns built, 2 near church (St Mary in Castro), build Fire Command Post (1905), Port War signal station (1914)

What role did Dover Castle play in the defense strategy of WW1?

1. Guarding the Roman roads
2. Safeguarding the English Channel and the coast
3. Securing the Irish Sea
4. Protecting the Scottish border

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Concrete cover built over FC Post to protect  against aircraft

Port War Signal Station built above Fire Command Post

WW1 begins. First bomb dropped in England is at Dover

FC post extended to provide more offices

War ends

Submarine and Zeppelin attacks on Dover

Which military force was responsible for operating the Dover Castle Fire Command Post?

1. Royal Navy
2. British Army
3. Royal Air Force
4. French Navy

What was the primary function of the Dover Castle Fire Command Post during WW1?

1. Provide medical aid to soldiers
2. Coordinate fire control for the harbor
3. Act as a communication hub for the air force
4. Store ammunition for the army

WW2 Dover

WW2 Dover

• WW2 - Dover became headquarters for Army and Navy in the local area
• Dover role in Operation Dynamo - evacuation of Dunkirk
• Dover closest to enemy territory in June 1940
• Operation Neptune (naval side of D-Day) and Fortitude South Operation
• Underground tunnels used as bomb-proof offices
• 2 new tunnels - 1 turned into a hospital, 1 became a Combined Operations Centre.

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FC Post and PWSS reopened when war declared

Concrete blast wall built behind FC Post and PWSS

Royal Navy sub command established at Dover

End of War - FC Post and PWSS close, garrison remains

Concrete building erected to encase FC post and PWSS

Troops rescued from Dunkirk

What is the name of the underground tunnels at Dover Castle used during World War II?

1. Dark Passage
2. Stealthy Underground Path
3. Secret Wartime Tunnels
4. Hidden Caverns

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Operation Dynamo begins

Dunkirk evacuation ends with recovery of Belgium and French

Tunnels used as Royal Navy headquarters

Germany surrenders

Tunnels are extended for use as a hospital, offices and accommodation

Tunnels secretly equipped as one of 12 Regional Seats of Government (nuclear attack)

What role did Dover Castle play during World War II?

1. Nuclear research facility
2. Artillery testing site
3. Operation Dynamo headquarters and defense against air raids
4. International peace negotiations

When did Operation Dynamo take place?

1. September 1939
2. June 1944
3. July 1943
4. May 1940

Where was Dover Castle located in relation to Operation Dynamo?

1. Near the evacuation route
2. In the heart of London
3. On the French coast
4. In the Swiss Alps

What was the primary goal of Operation Dynamo?

1. To invade Germany
2. To bomb Berlin
3. To defend Paris
4. To evacuate Allied soldiers from Dunkirk

What was Operation Dynamo also known as?

1. Operation Overlord
2. The Blitz
3. The Dunkirk Evacuation
4. The Battle of Britain

Dover Castle - Further Activities

Drag the labels to correct number on the map

Medieval Tunnels

Fire Command Post

Saxon Church

Roman Pharos

Middle Bailey

Great Tower

Wartime Tunnels 

Avranches Tower

How did the purpose of Dover Castle change over time?

Which time period caused the most change to Dover Castle? Why?