Volcanoes

Volcanoes

Definition and etymology of volcanoes

Volcano: a rupture in the crust allowing hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape | Plate tectonics: theory explaining Earth's lithosphere movement

What do you already know about volcanoes?

Plate tectonics and the types of plate boundaries

Divergent boundary: plates moving apart, associated with mid-ocean ridges | Convergent boundary: plates moving towards each other, one subducting beneath the other

Hotspots and mantle plumes

Hotspot: location with volcanic activity fed by mantle plumes | Mantle plume: upwelling of abnormally hot rock within Earth's mantle

Continental rifting and its effects on volcanism

Rift: fracture in Earth's surface when crust is stretched, associated with volcanic activity

Volcanic features and types

Shield volcano: broad, shield-like profile from low-viscosity lava | Stratovolcano: tall, conical volcano composed of lava and tephra

Supervolcanoes and their potential impact

Supervolcano: eruption with ejecta volume greater than 1,000 cubic kilometers | Widespread destruction and climate change potential

Submarine and subglacial volcanoes

Submarine volcano: located beneath the ocean's surface | Subglacial volcano: forms beneath icecaps, creates flat-topped mountains

Mud volcanoes and their formation

Mud volcano: formation from eruption of mud, water, and gases from Earth's depths

Learning Goals

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to explain the formation and characteristics of different types of volcanoes. | Identify the role of tectonic plates in the location and type of volcanic activity. | Describe the processes that lead to volcanic eruptions and the formation of volcanic landforms. | Distinguish between different volcano shapes and structures. | Discuss the environmental and climatic impacts of volcanic eruptions. | Recognize the existence of volcanoes on other planetary bodies in the solar system.

Definition List

volcano: a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from below the surface | plate tectonics: a scientific theory explaining the movement of Earth's lithosphere which is responsible for the creation and location of volcanoes | ... (and the rest of the definition list)

Write down 3 things you learned in this lesson.

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Write down 2 things you want to know more about.

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Ask 1 question about something you haven't quite understood yet.

The students indicate here (in question form) with which part of the material they still have difficulty. For the teacher, this not only provides insight into the extent to which the students understand/master the material, but also a good starting point for the next lesson.