3TL - > Adverbs & Adjectives + Informal Letter

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo t
• Leerjaar 3

Adverbs

Adverbs are words that say something about a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

So, adverbs are not the same as adjectives!

Adverbs

Adverb - verb

He drives quickly.

She sang beatifully.

They worked nicely.

How to form an adverb:

adjective + -ly

Adverbs

Adverb - adjective

The extremely beatiful house.

Adjectives

An adjective only comes after the verb when it is a linking verb or a form of 'to be'.

Linking verbs: to feel, to taste, to smell, etc.

The cow is happy.

Driving is faster than walking.

It looks strange.

Adjectives

Remember nouns?

An adjective is a word that says something about a noun.

The adjective can come before a noun:

He was eating the tasty soup.

The adjective can come after the verb:

The soup is tasty.

Adjective (bijv. naamwoord)

Adjectives are words that can be added to a noun or pronoun to describe it. 

Adjectives can come before nouns or after linking verbs.

• Before the noun:
  He dropped the hot plate.  /   What a beautiful view! 
• After a linking verb:
  He seems tired.  /   The weather became cold. 

Linking verbs are verbs like 'be', 'become' and 'seem' which are not actions but instead link the subject to an adjective, noun or phrase that gives us more information about the subject. To be, to seem, to become are always linking verbs. 

Others are: act, appear, feel, get, go, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

Adverbs (= bijwoord)

"Het zegt iets over een willekeurig ander element van de zin dat geen zelfstandig naamwoord is"

Bjivoorbeeld:
Snel rennen

Altijd lachen

Vaak bezoeken

Adverb (bijwoord)

Adverbs are used to describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. 

They are often (but not always) made by adding 'ly' to the adjective: 

- Careful (adjective): He is always careful.

- Carefully (adverb): She put the glasses down carefully. 

If the adjective ends in 'y', we change 'y' to 'i' and add 'ly'. 

If the adjective ends in 'le', we drop 'e' and add 'y'.

- Happy (adjective): She looks very happy.

- Happily (adverb): He sang happily.

- Gentle (adjective): It's a gentle cat.

- Gently (adverb): He stroked the cat gently.

Adverbs of frequency (= bijwoorden van frequentie)

Deze bijwoorden geven aan hoe vaak iets gebeurt. Bijwoorden van frequentie zijn bijvoorbeeld:

Always, never, often, sometimes enzovoort.

Deze bijwoorden staan voor het werkwoord:

I always eat breakfast in the morning

LET OP!! Staat er een vorm van 'to be' in de zin (am, are, is), 

dan staan de bijwoorden van frequentie HIERACHTER!!

I am never late for school.

They're always there when you need them.

Adverbs of time and place (= bepalingen van plaats en tijd)

Bepalingen van tijd geven een tijd aan (in July, at 3 o'clock)

Bepalingen van plaats geven een plaats aan (in Germany, in a hotel)

Deze bepalingen staan vaak achteraan in de zin.

Let op: PVT!! -> de plaats komt voor de tijd in de zin

Ezelsbruggetje: dit is ook zo in het alfabet 

Difference between adjective and adverb

An adjective tells us more about a noun.

Examples:

He bought an expensive car last week. - We describe a thing.

Her friend Zoe is a clever girl. - We describe a person.

They live in an old house. - How is the house? Asking for a thing.

An adverb tells us more about a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

Examples:

He talked nervously. - We describe an action.

It was extremely cold. - We describe a situation.

They always walk quickly. - How do they walk? Asking for an action.

Word classes

Nouns

Articles

Pronouns

Prepositions

Verbs

Adjectives

Adverbs

Nouns

A noun is a thing (almost any thing you can think of) and nouns are the basic building blocks of sentences. 

These things can be:

 a person - Travis can be very noisy.

an animal - The cat slept all day.

a place - Amsterdam is a great city.

an idea - Love is very important.

Nouns can be singular.

car

desk

boy

girl

boss

bus

Nouns can be plural.

cars

desks

boys

girls

BUT...

bosses

buses

Articles

Type 1 'the':

We use 'the' when we mean a specific thing (a noun).

'He uses the pen to write on the board.'

We use the article 'the' with all nouns.

Articles

In this case it is a type of word and not an article you can find in a newspaper...

You can find articles in front of nouns.

There are two types:

Articles

Articles

We use 'a/an' when we do not mean one specific thing, but it can be any kind of that thing.

'He uses a pen to write on the board.'

'She won an award for her performance.'

Articles

We use the article 'a' when the noun starts with a consonant.

a ball

a table

a car

Consonants

b

d

p

j

h

t

Articles

We use the article 'an' when the noun starts with a vowel.

an egg

an apple

an award

Vowels

a

i

u

e

o

Prepositions

Prepositions usually come in front of nouns and pronouns.

I get up early in the morning.

John is waiting for her.

Pronouns

Subject pronouns:

I

you

he

she

it

we

you

they

Pronouns

Object pronouns:

me

you

him

her

it

us

you 

them

Pronouns

1. Pronouns as the subject of a sentence.

I like your dress.

You are late.

He is my friend.

It is raining.

She is on holiday.

We live in England.

Pronouns

2. Pronouns as the object of a sentence.

I can see you.

She doesn't like him.

3. Pronouns after prepositions.

She is waiting for me.

Give it to him.

Verbs

A verb is a word of 'action'! So a verb always says something about what someone or something is doing.

• He works every day.
• She played football when she was young.
• I play video games when I come home from school.

Prepositions

There are A LOT of prepositions in English. The best way to study them is to look them up in a dictionary or by reading a lot of English.

Here are 10 of the most common prepositions:

of / in / to / for / with / on / at / from / by / about