Working in the city

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vmbo, mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Introduction

Aan het eind van deze les kun je herkennen en uitleggen op welke manier steden in de Middeleeuwen ontstonden, en groter werden, en hoe mensen hun geld verdienden in de Middeleeuwse stad.

The Middle Ages

Working in the city

Time of Cities and States (1000-1500)

In white you see a city gate. If you entered a city in the Middle Ages, you had to go through the city gate. In many cities a high and beautifully decorated church was built. In the background you see the inside of such a church.

Feniks, Geschiedenis Werkplaats, Memo, Saga

Learning goal

At the end of this lesson you will be able to recognize and explain how cities were created and enlarged in the Middle Ages, and how people earned their money in the medieval city.

What do you actually know
of the medieval city?

What about the Middle Ages?

• The time after the Roman Empire (Antiquity) and before the New Age.
  

• It is in the middle of those two periods: intermediate period
  

• Approximately between 500 and 1500
• Early Middle Ages: 500-1000
  
• Late Middle Ages: 1000-1500

Task

Find out what cause leaded to more harvest.

Find out what people did with their agricultural surplus

What about the Middle Ages?

• The time after the Roman Empire (Antiquity) and before the New Age.
  

• It is in the middle of those two periods: intermediate period
  

• Approximately between 500 and 1500
• Early Middle Ages: 500-1000
  
• Late Middle Ages: 1000-1500

Tijd van Grieken en Romeinen

(500 v. Chr. - 500 n. Chr.)

Tijd van Monniken en Ridders

(500-1000)

(Vroege Middeleeuwen)

Tijd van Steden en Staten

(1000-1500)

(Late Middeleeuwen)

1492: Columbus 'ontdekt' Amerika

(Einde van de Middeleeuwen)

⚓️

476: Val van het West-Romeinse Rijk

(Begin van de Middeleeuwen)

🔥

Tijd van Ontdekkers en Hervormers

(1500-1600)

Tijd van Regenten en Vorsten

(1600-1700)

Tijd van Pruiken en Revoluties

(1700-1800)

Late Middle Ages

• Time of Cities and States (1000-1500)
  

• It's 'safer' and 'calmer'.
  
• There will be more trade
  
• Money comes back again
  
• Population growing
  
• Cities emerge
  
• Power of the cities is increasing
  
• The nobility gets (sometimes) less power

Dit is een plattegrond van Zwolle in de Middeleeuwen

Improvements in agriculture

Around the year 1000

• Iron ploug

More and More trade

• Improvements in agriculture lead to more harvests
  
• Surpluses are sold or exchanged on markets
  
• Money is being used more and more as a (convenient) means of exchange

Cities arise

• Traders often come to the same place: to store their belongings.
  
• These places are in a good place: intersections of roads and/or rivers, usually near a castle or monastery.
  
• In these places there were often fairs
  
• 
  

Working in a guild

• Because the harvest is increasing, not everyone has to be a farmer anymore: other occupations arise: crafts
  
• People with the same craft are in a guild.
  
• The guild also checked the quality of the products and set the selling price.
  
• In case of illness or death, the family received help from the guild.

De meeste gilden hadden een prachtig gildehuis. Hier werden, behalve vergaderingen, ook feesten gehouden. Heel het leven draaide om het gilde.

Voorbeelden van ambachten in een middeleeuwse stad:

- smid

- bakker

- timmerman

- meubelmaker

- brouwer

- kleermaker

From boy

to master

• You're only allowed to have your own business if you're a member of a guild.
  

• To do this, you must first become a master:
  
• You started as a boy at a very young age;
  
• Then you became a journeyman;
  
• And only when you'd done your master's test could you become master. You were then often well over 30 years old!

Middeleeuwse ambachtslieden aan het werk.

An example of a master's test.

In order to become a master, a gate had to be bricked up.

The Hanseatic League

• Most cities had a square where markets were held.
  
• The most important market was the annual market, which lasted a few weeks.
  
• Many traders travelled from fair to fair.
  

• A group of cities in Europe worked together to get more trade.
  
• They called their association the Hanseatic League.

Dit is een plattegrond van Deventer, een van de Hanze-steden.

Kaart waarop alle Hanze-steden te zien zijn. De steden van de Hanze lagen vooral in Duitsland. Hier in Nederland waren onder andere de IJsselsteden Kampen en Deventer lid van de Hanze. 

Handelaren van Hanzesteden hadden allerlei voordeeltjes als ze handelden in elkaars steden. Ze betaalden bijvoorbeeld minder tol en belasting. 

Video

Canonclips: De Hanze

00:21-00:26

Around the year 1000 the harvests grew rapidly. What was the cause of that?

1. The farmers had learned to fertilize the land.
2. The farmers let their children help in the fields.
3. More and more farmers came, because people in cities had to eat too
4. The farmers used better tools.

The guild checks the quality and price of the products made by the guild members.

1. True
2. False

When a guild member is sick, the other members take care of him and his family.

1. True
2. False

A farmer is a craftsman

1. True
2. False

A carpenter is a craftsman

1. True
2. False

A market vendor is a craftsman

1. True
2. False

Een zilversmid is een ambachtsman

1. Waar
2. Niet waar

If you were good enough, you had to take the ?????
run away. That was kind of an exam. If you passed, you could join the guild.

What word should be on the question marks?

1. guild
2. master
3. master's test
4. boy

Terms in this lesson

• Fairs
• Hanseatic Leage
• Crafts
• master
• journeyman
• master's test
• guild

Dates in this lesson

After 1000: creation of cities

1267: establishment of the Hanseatic League

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have learned this lesson

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