In some countries there is an additional "chamber" that serves as an extra check before a law is passed.
NL: Staten-Generaal: Tweede Kamer + Eerste Kamer (senaat)
UK: Parliament: House of Commons + House of Lords
USA: Congress: House of Representatives + Senate
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Tweede Kamer, Den Haag
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House of Commons, London
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House of Representatives, Washington
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Bundestag, Berlin
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Reichstag, Berlin, 1922
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Reichstag, Berlin, 1939
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The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)
Na de eerste algemene verkiezingen voor de Reichstag in een democratisch Duitsland werd de grootste partij: de sociaaldemocraten (SDP, = zoals onze PvdA), gevolgd door de liberalen (= zoals onze VVD) en de katholieken (= zoals ons CDA).
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The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)
These parties all embrace freedom and democracy. That is why we say that they belong to the political center.
There were also political parties that hated democracy, for example:
communists (who wanted a country like the Soviet Union)
nationalists (who wanted Germany to be a strong empire again)
These undemocratic groups we call extremists.
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Spartakists
Freikorps
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The Stab-in-the-back Myth
a story created by extremist right nationalists:
The German army did not lose WW1.
Germany was betrayed by democratic politicians who signed the Armistice and later the Treaty of Versailles.
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The Stab-in-the-back Myth
Hitler also believed
that communists and especially the Jews
were part of this plot against Germany and its army.
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Hitler in politics
In 1919 Hitler joined a nationalistic party, the Deutsche Arbeiter Partei (DAP)
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Hitler in politics
The DAP was
- anti democratic
- anti communist
- anti-semitic (= anti-Jewish)
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Hitler turned out to be a good speaker.
He practised his expressions and gestures in front of a mirror.
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In 1920 Hitler became the leader of the DAP. He changed the name into N.S.D.A.P. He also used the swastika as the party's new symbol
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NSDAP: National-Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei.
Or in short: the Nazi Party
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1923: the Nazis try to seize power in Munich by force.
This is called a Putsch or Coup (staatsgreep)
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Why a Putsch in 1923 ?
In 1922, Mussolini successfully seized power in Italy. Hitler was inspired by this.
In 1923, Germany suffered from a hyper inflation, causing millions of Germans to lose all their money.
Hitler believed that the German people were now so desperate that they would support him
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Germany was forced to pay 132 billion goldmarks to the Allies
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Causes and effects of the Hyperinflation of 1923
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When Germany could not pay, the French occupied the Ruhr area to take resources as payment.
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German miners went on strike.
The Weimar government promised to pay their wages.
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To keep paying the wages the government printed extra money.
Result: the value of the money decreased, causing inflation
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In months the inflation spiralled out of control: hyper-inflation.
Money was worthless. People lost all their savings.
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The Munich Putsch fails and Hitler is arrested. He is sentenced to 9 months imprisonment.
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In prison, Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf (my struggle) in which he outlines his political ideas.
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Kortom, zijn ideeën en plannen zijn:
het Verdrag van Versailles omkeren
heropbouw van de Duitse strijdkrachten
verenig Duitsland en Oostenrijk
het Duitse grondgebied uitbreiden naar Oost-Europa (Lebensraum)
vernietig het communisme
het Germaanse ras (arisch ras) is superieur (= het meesterras)
Lesson duration is: 50 min
