Modals & negations

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo t, havo
• Leerjaar 3

Modals & negations

Modals

Modals & negations

goal: using modals in the positive and negative form. 

I can swim. 

She may come to the party.

Can you find the verbs in these 2 sentences?  
How many verbs are in these sentences? What is their function?

Modals & negations

modals = auxiliary verbs that tell you different levels of
                    possibility 

Wanneer gebruiken? 

toestemming vragen
mogelijkheid uitdrukken
verplichting uitdrukken

Examples:

• can
• could
• should 

Overview modals

can / could         ----> can't / couldn't     --->   I can't open the window   / He couldn't open it.

mogelijkheid, verzoek, aanbod. Could is de beleefdheidsvorm en verledentijdsvorm van can.

(to) be able to    ---> to (not) be able to    ---> example:    I am not able to swim because I broke 
ergens toe in staat zijn                                                                     broke my leg last week.

may/might           ----> may not / might not       --> example:     she may not leave her room
Toestemming vragen of om te zeggen dat iets (niet) is toegestaan. 
might is de beleefdere vorm & verledentijdsvorm van may 

Overview modals

should  --> shouldn't  --->  example:      I think you shouldn't go there by youself 

Als jij vindt dat iets (niet) zou moeten:

Advies geven of iets afraden

ought to  ---> ought not to 

Formeler dan should 

Must  ---> musn't  ---->   example:     You mustn't share my secret. 

Must is krachtiger/dringender dan should 

have/has to ---->   don't have to / doesn't have to ---->   example: We don't have to do homework.

Uitdrukken van zekerheid, noodzaak of verplichting. Om te zeggen dat iets moet van iemand anders

Answer the questions

Answer the questions in LessonUp

use handout if necessary 

5. You ________________
attend the meeting if you don't want to; it's not obligatory

1. should't
2. don't have to
3. are not able to
4. couldn't

Wat zijn modals?

1. Woorden die als model staan voor de rest van de zin.
2. Modaalwoorden die de zin netter maken.
3. Werkwoorden voor de verleden tijd.
4. Hulpwerkwoorden die bij een ander werkwoord horen en de zin extra betekenis geven.

Welke modal gebruik je als iets MOET (geen keuze)?

1. have to
2. should
3. must
4. could

Welke modal gebruik je in beleefdheidsvorm?

1. Can
2. Could
3. Am allowed to
4. None of the above

Clear on the modal verbs?

1. Yes, absolutely
2. No, still a bit confused
3. Yes, but I need to make sure I know all the meanings
4. Yes, but I need more practice.

I ....... swim very fast, so I went slower.

1. should
2. have to
3. couldn't
4. might

....... I use the bathroom please?

1. Should
2. Can
3. Might
4. Ought to

You ..... apologise to her.

1. May
2. Might
3. Should
4. Are able to

It ....... be forbidden!

1. Can
2. Ought to
3. Is allowed to
4. Could

6. I can sing now but I ________sing very well when I was a child.

4. I _______ play the guitar but I can play the piano.

You ....... (to be able to) do this every day, are you?

You ___________ (zou niet moeten) take your sister to see that film. I’m sure she won’t like it.

7. ________ I use your phone, please?

I ....... (may) pass my exam.
(gebruik geen verkorte vorm)

My brother ...... (to have to - not) follow the rules. (gebruik geen verkorting)

He______________ (niet in staat te) descend the stairs with his broken leg.

1. Negation of:
must

2. Negation of:
have to

3. Negation of:
could