Y3V-T2-LSN10

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

 LESSON 10

blood transfusion

In case of a vaccination, what is being injected into the patient?

1. antigens
2. antibodies

Vaccination is an example of what kind of immunization?

1. passive natural
2. active natural
3. passive artificial
4. active artificial

Learning goals:

• I can explain how blood transfusions work
• I understand and can explain what a good blood donor is.
• I can explain what the consequences are of a not properly functioning immune system

KEY WORDS:

• blood groups
• allergic reaction
• mest cells
• blood transfusion
• histamine

Blood transfusion

Blood transfusion -  the process of transferring blood products into a person's circulation intravenously.

Blood components

• Red blood cell (red)
• White blood cells (purple and blue)
• Blood platelets (yellow)
• Blood plasm (not shown)

Blood components

Blood transfusion

A patient needs blood in a hospital. 

What part of the blood is given to the patient ?

Platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells or plasma?

Blood types of the AB0 system

• Red blood cells carry different kinds of proteins on their membranes.
• The most common ones are protein A and protein B

• If you have blood type A, your red blood cells only carry protein A
• If you have blood type B, your red blood cells only carry protein B
• If you have blood type AB, your red blood cells both carry protein A and B
• if you have blood type 0 (zero), your red blood cells carry neither

Amina has blood type B.

How will her immune system recognize proteins A and B?

1. protein A will be recognized as a self-antigen protein B will be recognized as a self-antigen
2. protein A will be recognized as a foreign-antigen protein B will be recognized as a self-antigen
3. protein A will be recognized as a self-antigen protein B will be recognized as a foreign-antigen
4. protein A will be recognized as a foreign-antigen protein B will be recognized as a foreign-antigen

Foreign blood types

• If proteins are recognized as foreign:
• the innate and adaptive immune system will respond
• In the end antibodies will be produced against the foreign protein (antigen)
• these antibodies will form massive antigen-antibody complexes 
• as a result blood will clot
• causing the capillaries to clog up

Donors and recipients

At the blood donating facilities, people with blood type 0 are preferred as donor.

Explain why blood type 0 is the preferred blood type for donors.

Allergic reaction

• Exaggerated response against an otherwise harmless antigen (allergen)
• Common allergens: pollen, mites, nuts, shellfish etc.
• Antibodies against allergens bind to 'mast cells' (certain type of white blood cell)
• Histamine is released from mast cells
• Histamine causes all complaints linked to allergic reaction
• redness, production mucus, swelling etc

Allergic reaction

• Exaggerated response against an otherwise harmless antigen (allergen)
• Common allergens: pollen, mites, nuts, shellfish etc.

Patients that suffer from an allergic reaction often get drugs described called anti-histamins. They block the function of histamine.

Explain if this treatment is meant to cure or to relieve symptoms.

Homework

• Make the assignments on classroom lesson 10