Megacities deel 1

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Take you your book and laptop and read the intro of 2.4

Mega cities: a city in a growth crisis

Lesson plan

Today: Why do people go live in slums?

Next time: What is life like, living in a slum? 

Last lesson: How can the problems of megacities be solved?

www.ted.com

Where is the largest population growth and where do these people 'want' to live?

1. In cities in Europe and they want to live on a farm
2. In Russia and they want to live abroad
3. In MEDC's and they want to live in sub-urbs
4. In LEDC's and they want to live in a big city

Urbanisation recap

Urbanisation: People moving to the city

Where? Most urbanisation today is happening in developing countries

Why there? Push and pull factors 

(Push from country side, pull towards city)

Source: https://www.citiesalliance.org/themes/slums-and-slum-upgrading

What is NOT a push factor (for young people) from the country side

1. A conservative world view of the farming community
2. A storm or plague destroying all the farm land in the country side
3. There are not many other jobs than being a farmer
4. There is a lot of work in the (mega) city

Write down 2 typical aspects of a slum according to the video

What is a slum?

Where? Mega-cities in LEDC's

Where specifically? Edge of cities or anywhere near them with space

Why there? Not enough affordable housing

https://dynamic-media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-o/1a/68/27/2b/caption.jpg?w=300&h=300&s=1

What does a slum miss?

Durable housing 

Living space

Safe water

Sanitation 

Security

Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme climate conditions.

Sufficient living space, which means not more than three people sharing the same room.

Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable price.

Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people.

Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions.

In your own words, why do you think people live in slums?

Kibera, slum of Nairobi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibera#/media/File:Nairobi_Kibera_04.JPG

Work in town

Informal employment

60% of jobs

Only option for many people

NO tax

NO insurance

NO regulations

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/gallery/2019/aug/10/eating-and-drinking-in-africas-largest-slum-in-pictures#img-16

Women cook fish in the evening light to sell. Some of the stallholders cannot afford to eat the food they are selling to others.

Photograph: Kate Holt/The Guardian

Government and slums

Rights of people in slums not recognised

No time to respond fast enough to migration 

Hostile approach to urbanisation.  

No planning or no capacity

Governance

Another reason slums develop is bad governance. Governments often fail to recognise the rights of the urban poor and incorporate them into urban planning, thereby contributing to the growth of slums.

In addition, many countries simply cannot respond to rapid urbanisation quickly enough. People are coming to cities far faster than the planning process can incorporate them. Often, they find their own land and build a shack before the government has a chance to learn of their existence.

The attitude of a government towards urbanisation is also an important component. Some governments take a hostile approach to urbanisation. They believe that if they provide urban services to the poor, it will attract urbanisation and cause the slums to grow. The problem with this view is that very few people come to the city for water or services—they come looking for work.

In other cases, governments take more of a passive approach to urbanisation. They either do not have the planning tools to deal with the rapid urbanisation that is happening, or the tools in place are not sufficiently responsive to the reality on the ground.

Ex. 6 from paragraph 2.4 

Work in teams of two to finish the questions in about 15 minutes

Write down the answers in a notebook

Ex. 6 from paragraph 2.4 

Exchange your group's answers with your neighbors.

Check how many correct answers your class mates have (max. 19 points) and give back their notes.

How many correct answers did you have as a group?

019

Closer or homework

Go to this website: 

https://www.humansofnewyork.com/tagged/democratic-republic-of-congo

 Chose a story you feel a connection with and write down why you chose this story