4H1 Mission 14 (suffixes, reported speech, passive voice)

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Mission 14 agenda

- Vocab

- Grammar

- Reading, listening, speaking, writing

Suffixes pg. 10

- simply put: you change the ending of the word 

- The word still has the same root but it means something slightly different/it is a different part of speech

for example: SCIENCE (thing-noun) -> SCIENTIFIC (adjective) 

-> (person-noun) ____________

Parts of speech:

NOUN (zelfstandige naamwoorden)-> names, animals, things, ideas...

(Jane, pigs, a table, love) -> WHO or WHAT

VERBS (werkwoorden) -> Describe what we are doing

(I am running, we talked for hours, they are moving ...)

ADJECTIVES (bijvoegelijke naamwoorden) -> Give more information on the nouns

(a tall person, fat pigs, a yellow table, beautiful love)

ADVERBS (bijwoorden)-> Describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb

(I quickly opened the present, I am extremely tired)

Suffixes exercise 3:

- First indicate what kind of word is it...

(noun, adjective, verb,...)

- Then see if it's a person, a thing, an action, a characteristic...

- What is the root?

Grammar!

- Passive (all tenses!!)

- Reported speech (all tenses)

PASSIVE VOICE

Active and Passive voice

What is it?

Active: We say WHO did it

The teacher graded the tests.

The result: Now the students know their grades.

Passive: When we do not say who did it

The tests were graded.

The result: Now the students know their grades.

Active: We say WHO did it

Passive: We do not say WHO did it

The result in both sentences is the same!

WHY passive voice?

1. When we do not know WHO did it

My car was stolen yesterday.

2. When it does not matter WHO did it (the activity is more important than the person who did it)

The president was sworn in on a cold January morning.

3. Scientific texts (we are describing a process for example...)
The rat was placed into a maze.

HOW do we make passive voice?

• Active voice: John wakes up Jane every morning.
  
• - 1. See who does it (person) -> John
  
• - 2. What does he do (verb) and in what TENSE -> wakes up (present simple)
  
• - 3. What is the object he does it it to (a thing, another person…) -> Jane
  
• HOW TO FORM THE PASSIVE VOICE:
  
• - 1. Put the object in the beginning and forget about the person -> Jane
  
• - 2. Add the verb ‘BE’ in the same tense! -> is (past simple)
  
• - 3. Put the verb from the sentence to 3th row (3e rijtje) -> woken up
  
• Passive voice: JANE WAS WOKEN UP (by John)

EXAMPLE SENTENCE

PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE

Active: John collects money.

1. See WHO did it: 

JOHN

2. WHAT did he DO (verb) & tense: COLLECTS (present simple!)

3. What is the OBJECT?

MONEY

------

4. Object in the beginning: Money

5. VERB be in present simple: is

6. Verb 3de rijtje: collected

Passive: Money is collected (by John). 

PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE:

Active: John collected money.

1. See WHO did it: 

JOHN

2. WHAT did he DO (verb) & tense: COLLECTED (past simple!)

3. What is the OBJECT?

MONEY

------

4. Object in the beginning: Money

5. VERB be in present simple: was

6. Verb 3de rijtje: collected

Passive: Money was collected (by John). 

PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE!! (Has/have been!!)

Active: John has collected money,

Passive: The money has been collected by John. 

PRESENT/PAST CONTINUOUS PASSIVE!! (being!)

Active: John is/was collecting money,

Passive: The money is/was being collected by John. 

Exercise - from active to passive voice!

1. The secretary opens the mail every morning.

2. A gardener is watering the flowers.

3. Heavy rain had caused the flood.

4. Police officers were examining the evidence.

5. A spokesman gave an interview to the reporters.

6. A guide will take you to your seat.

7. We are going to announce the results on Friday.

 8. The new manager has made some changes.

The students are making arrangements for the party.

Arrangements

 for the party.

They clean the windows every week.

The windows

 every week.

They had invited him to the cinema.

He

 to the cinema.

Exercise - from active to passive voice!

1. The secretary opens the mail every morning. -> The mail is opened...

2. A gardener is watering the flowers. -> The flowers are being watered...

3. Heavy rain had caused the flood. -> The flood had been caused...

4. Police officers were examining the evidence. -> The evidence were being examined...

5. A spokesman gave an interview to the reporters. -> The reporters were given an interview...

6. A guide will take you to your seat. -> Your seat will be taken...

7. We are going to announce the results on Friday. -> The results on Friday are going to be announced

 8. The new manager has made some changes. -> Some changes has been made.

Passive in 8 tenses:

1. John wakes Jane up every morning.

- Passive - present simple:

2. John is waking Jane up every morning.

- Passive - present continuous:

3. John woke up Jane at 7 a.m.

- Passive - past simple:

4. John was waking Jane up from 6:30 til 7:00 a.m. this morning.

- Passive - past continuous:

Passive in 8 tenses KEY:

1. John wakes Jane up every morning.

- Passive - present simple: Jane is woken up by John (every morning). 

2. John is waking Jane up every morning.

- Passive - present continuous: Jane is being woken up...

3. John woke up Jane at 7 a.m.

- Passive - past simple: Jane was woken up...

4. John was waking Jane up from 6:30 til 7:00 a.m. this morning.

- Passive - past continuous: Jane was being woken up...

Passive in 8 tenses

5. John has woke up Jane every morning for the past 3 years.

- Passive - present perfect:

6. John had woken up Jane before he made her coffee.

- Passive - past perfect:

7. John will wake up Jane in 5 minutes.

- Passive - will future:

8. John will have woken up Jane by 8 a.m.

- Passive will future perfect:

 

Passive in 8 tenses KEY

5. John has woke up Jane every morning for the past 3 years.

- Passive - present perfect: Jane has been woken up by John...

6. John had woken up Jane before he made her coffee.

- Passive - past perfect: Jane had been woken up...

7. John will wake up Jane in 5 minutes.

- Passive - will future: Jane will be woken up...

8. John will have woken up Jane by 8 a.m.

- Passive will future perfect: Jane will have been woken up...

 

TO DO: (not finished -> HW!)

DO: exercise 4, 5

done: Do exercise 2 (vocab practice!)

Done? Study the words

PASSIVE EXERCISES

- Jamil wrote these letters yesterday. 

- He has invited many guests. 

- I do not see him these days. 

- He didn't help me with my money. 

PASSIVE EXERCISES KEY

Jamil wrote these letters yesterday. These letters were written by Jamil yesterday.

He has invited many guests. Many guests have been invited by him.

I do not see him these days. He is not seen by me these days.

He didn't help me with my money. I wasn't helped with my money. 

PASSIVE EXERCISES

Put these sentences into the passive (present or past)

c) People have exported Spanish tortilla to the US.

e) You don’t find penguins at the North Pole. 

f) Columbus didn’t discover America in 1491. 

g) They have drawn some paintings. 

PASSIVE EXERCISES KEY

Put these sentences into the passive (present or past)

c) People have exported Spanish tortilla to the US. -> Spanish tortilla have been exported to the US.

e) You don’t find penguins at the North Pole. -> Penguins aren't found at the NP.

f) Columbus didn’t discover America in 1491. -> America wasn't discovered by...

g) They have drawn a painting. -> A painting has been drawn.

Exercise passive online

Present simple, past simple:

https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_10_012e?cc=nl&selLanguage=en

Present Perfect: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?present-perfect

2. Reported Speech

-> When you want to say what someone else said:

Present                                                              Past

 2 ways: 

A. Jenna says: 'My house is big!'

DIRECT SPEECH

B. Jenna says her house is big.

REPORTED SPEECH

 2 ways: 

A. Jenna said: 'My house is big!'

DIRECT SPEECH

B. Jenna said her house was big.

REPORTED SPEECH

LOOK AT THE CHANGES:

DIRECT SPEECH:

A. John says: 'I think Jack the Ripper was a woman.'

REPORTED SPEECH:

B. John said (that) he thought Jack the Ripper was a woman.

VERB: from present simple -> past simple

pronouns!! I - he, she, ...

More Examples for past:

Sarah: 'I am living in London.' -> She said (that) she was living in London.

John: 'I bought a car.' -> He said (that) he had bought a car.

Miley: 'I have lived here since 2017.' -> She said she had lived here since 2017.

word 'said' can also be replaced with: told, asked...

Reported speech:

... said that...

1. Benjamin: "I've never had a big hamburger."

2. Hannah: "They have lived in Boston for 3 years."

3. Tyler: "Ian never invites girls to his parties."

4. Dominic: "She understands Japanese."

5. Sophia: "Bella isn't collecting stickers."

6. Robert: "Dennis downloaded the latest tunes."

7. Olivia: "Leroy is out riding his new waveboard today."

8. Luke: "I don't know what to do."

Reported speech Examples:

Benjamin said (that) he had never had a big hamburger.

Hannah said (that) they had lived in Boston for 3 years.

Tyler told me (that) Ian didn't invite girls to his parties.

Dominic remarked (that) she understood Japanese.

Sophia explained (that) Bella wasn't collecting stickers.

Robert added (that) Dennis had downloaded the latest tunes.

Olivia explained (that) Leroy was out riding his new waveboard that day.

Luke added (that) he didn't know what to do.

AGENDA

- check HW

- Grammar revision (all tenses!!)

- Now or HW: Training session 2: Reading 2, 3, 4

Exercise:

1. “I live in New York at my house”

She said ________________________________________________________

2. “He is working right now”

She told me _____________________________________________________

3. “Julie didn't like going out much”

She said ________________________________________________________

4. “Do you have a computer?”

She asked ________________________________________________________ 

Questions, requests and orders...

check the book

DONE?

- Learn the words - Quizlet

TMR: New Mission