6.3 Isms

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

AGE 8. The Time of Citizens and Steam Engines

6.3 The rise of the -isms

1815: Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

• 1815: Napoleon defeated at Waterloo
• Peace Conference In Vienna

• The winner (UK) decides that The Netherlands must become a monarchy again: King Willem I

• United Kingdom of the Netherlands, including Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg

Which country was the main victor over Napoleon?

1. Germany
2. Britain
3. the Netherlands
4. Russia

3. Which statement is true?

Statement I: After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, France became a republic again.
Statement II: After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, many reforms of the French Revolution were reversed.

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

south

north

4. What were the differences between the southern and the northern provinces of the Netherlands?

focus on trade

catholic

French is spoken

protestant

Dutch is spoken

focus on industry

Belgian Revolution

1830

• The Belgians declare themselves independent from the Netherlands
• This is the birth of Belgium

1840-1848: 

King Willem II

• Conservative: doesn't want change

• Rules like an absolute monarch

• Doesn't like democracy

Revolution Year 

1848

• The "heirs of the French Revolution", the Liberals, come to the conclusion: "Everything is the same again as before the French Revolution!"
• Everywhere there are kings on the European thrones again and despite 'a constitution' there is little democracy.

Kings all over Europe start to panic....

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

5. In 1848 a new revolution broke out in several European capitals.
Rioters demanded constitutional reform.

What does that mean?

1. Their country did not have a constitution but the rioters wanted one.
2. Their country had a constitution but it did not limit the king's power and give the people basic rights.
3. The people wanted to reform the constitution to give the monarch more power.
4. Their country had a constitution but it was based on Enlightenment ideas.

8. Put the events in the correct chronological order

King William I was succeeded by his son King William II.

William II stopped being a conservative.

France became a republic for the second time

Revolutions broke out all over Europe.

Belgium became independent.

conservative

progressive

9. Drag the words left to the correct place in the table. 

Which belong to conservative and which to progressive?

revolution

no change

new way of thinking

 constitutional reforms 

the old ways

Consequences

• The leader of the Dutch Liberals: Johan Rudolf Thorbecke makes a new constitution:

• King is inviolable (onschendbaar)
• Ministers are responsible for the actions of the government (also: for the actions of the king)

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before

after

11. Read the statements (left) and choose whether the statement describes the situation before or after the constitutional reform of Thorbecke.

The king made all the laws, parliament could give advice.

Tweede Kamer is directly chosen by the electorate.

The king had no real power anymore.

All the financial affairs were decided by the king.

Ministers became responsible for carrying out the laws.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

liberals & socialists: main differences:

       LIBERALS:

• NO government influence in the economy.
• success is your own responsibility (take care of yourself)

       SOCIALISTS:

• Government must influence the economy (social laws) 
• the weak should not be left to take care for themselves.

12. Which statement is true?

Statement I: Socialists believe that the weak in society should take care of themselves.
Statement II: Liberals believe that competition is bad for the economy.

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

13. Which idea is NOT favoured by liberals?

1. Trias Politica
2. journalists can write what they want
3. the government must strictly control the economy.
4. religion plays no role in the government.

15a. Liberals want freedom foremost, but also equality.
How would a liberal look at these statements?

Statement I: everybody is equal under the law
Statement II: wealth should be divided equally

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

15b. How would a socialist look at these same statements?

Statement I: everybody is equal under the law
Statement II: wealth should be divided equally

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

liberalism

socialism

16. Drag the words left to the correct place.

No economic restrictions from government

Redistribute wealth

Poor people

Protection by the government

Rich people

freedom of opinion

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

confessionalism 

• the country should be ruled from a religious viewpoint

• confessionalists were Christians, but they were split up between:
•         protestants
•         catholics

• the opposite of confessional is secular (= not based on religion)

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

verzuiling 

• Dutch society used to be "verzuild". 
• Every group existed in its own "bubble" (zuil) and did not mix with other groups.
• The four main 'zuilen' were:
•     protestants
•     catholics
•     liberals
•     socialists

= confessional

= secular 

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

feminism 

men and women are equal, and so they should have the same rights, such as the right to vote.

Trias Politica, three powers:

legislative

executive

judicial

who?

who?

who?

what they do:

what they do:

what they do:

carry out the laws

parliament

judges

punish those who break the law

make the laws

government

 The three political philosophies you learned about in this lesson still exist today. In which political party do we see which philosophy?

liberalism

confessionalism

socialism

Complete this overview

Funding for their own schools

Factory owners

small

big

equality

Right to vote for all men

small

Christians

liberty

factory workers

woman

Right for women to vote

The birth of CINEMA

Your task:

Make a short film (20 - 40 sec.) in which you show a visual effect like it was made by the early filmmakers. (do research if necessary)

Work in groups of 3

Hand in the result on Friday.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

The invention of CINEMA changed the world

• In 1895 the Lumière brothers presented the first moving pictures to a paying audience in Paris. This was the beginning of CINEMA.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

• Films were short and silent. Live (piano) music enhanced the emotional experience.
• Subjects: local scenes, foreign lands and short comedies.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

George Méliès (1861 - 1938)

• This French moviemaker was the first to use special effects.

• He is the "father" of the science fiction films.

• His most famous film is "Trip to the moon", from 1902.

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