3V Unit 1 - Unit 2 Grammatica

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Unit 1+ Unit 2 Revision

past simple
past perfect
Relative pronouns

Goals

• I understand what the Past perfect is and when it is used.
• I understand how to use it in combination with  the past simple. 
• I can use the past perfect and past simple together. 
• I can use relative pronouns in a sentence.

The past perfect

Had + Past Participle (voltooid deelwoord)

                                             Regular                                   Irregular 
                                             verb + ed                                3rd row irr.v. 

I had cleaned the house, before my mom came home. 
Marie had finished her homework before volleybal practice started

The past simple

I had finished my homework, before my mom came home. 

Often the past perfect is used together with the past simple. 

BECAUSE we use the past perfect when we talk about an action in the past that happened before another action in the past. 

🇬🇧 Past Simple 

🇳🇱 Verleden Tijd

ww+ed

(irr. verb = 2e vorm)

I 

I saw him yesterday.

🇬🇧 Past Perfect

🇳🇱 Voltooid Verleden Tijd

🇬🇧 Past Simple 

🇳🇱 Verleden Tijd

Regular verbs = verb +ed

Irregular verbs = 2nd vorm (2e rij) 

He arrived to the train station.

I went to school yesterday.

🇬🇧 Past Perfect 

🇳🇱 Voltooid Verleden Tijd

had + past participle (voltooid deelwoord)

Irregular verbs = had + past participle (3e rij)

When he arrived at the train station the train had left.

I had lost my bike key so I decided to walk home.

The Past Perfect shows what happened first in a sequence of past events.

TIP! Past simple vs Past perfect

Always decide what action happened first! 

The action that happened first = Past perfect 

The action that happened second = Past simple

Let's practice!

What happened first?

When the mechanic arrived, Alex had already fixed the car herself.

1. The mechanic arrived.
2. Alex fixed the car herself.

What happened first?

They had painted the entire wall, before they realized it was the wrong colour.

1. They painted the entire wall.
2. They realized it was the wrong colour.

What happened first?

We left the house after we had fed the dog.

1. We left the house.
2. We fed the dog.

After Wendy …. (finish) the last bit of paperwork,
she …. (take) the bus home.

1. finished, took
2. had finished, took
3. had finished, had taken
4. finished, had taken

They … (close) the bar after the last guest … (depart)

1. closed, departed
2. had closed, departed
3. closed, had departed
4. had closed, had departed

After Fred ___ (spend) his holiday in Italy, he ___ (want) to learn Italian.

She ___ (watch) Netflix after the children ___ (go) to bed.

Goals

• I understand what the Past perfect is and when it is used.
• I understand how to use it in combination with  the past simple. 
• I can use the past perfect and past simple together. 
• I can use relative pronouns in a sentence.

Relative Clauses

who - people

which - animals & things 

that - people, animals, things

that -> NEVER between 2 commas

Whose - possession (bezit)

Whom - after a preposition (voorzetsel)

Relative pronouns

• Link to a word previously mentioned
  
• Links up two parts of the sentence

Martin played Tennis with Sophie, who was slightly injured.

relative pronoun

Noa sold her phone, which was old and damaged.

relative pronoun

Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses:  essential information

• In the middle or end of sentence
• No commas!

He is the doctor who helped my grandmother.

This is the airport where I lost my bag.

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses:  additional information

• In the middle or end of sentence
• Starts and ends with comma
• No use of that
  

The Times, which is published in London, is a daily newspaper.

The Times is a daily newspaper.

Relative pronouns

You can leave out relative pronouns if:

• it is a 'defining relative clause'
• the pronoun does NOT relate to the subject
  
• there is a pronoun behind it

The flowers which he gave me were beautiful.

Persoonlijk: ik, jij, hij, etc.

Bezittelijk: mijn, zijn, onze, etc.

Wederkerend: me, je, zich, etc.

The flowers he gave me were beautiful.

Relative pronouns

• Who / which together with preposition
  
• preposition mostly in the end.

• preposition can also be in the beginning of sentence: formal
• 'Who' changes to 'whom'

The officer, who Lee told his story to, was shocked.

The officer, to whom Leed told his story, was shocked.

Example question (test)

TIP! In the question below, three options are possible. You need to mark all of them to get 1 point.

Most of you DID NOT do that during the last test. Make sure you WILL during test week 3. 

Which RELATIVE pronoun fits in this sentence?
I want to read the book........you gave me.

1. which, that , who
2. which, that, X
3. who, whose, whom
4. which, that

Which RELATIVE pronoun fits in this sentence:
The officer, ....... John told his story to, was nice

1. who, that
2. who, that, X
3. who,
4. which, that

We had spaghetti .... is my favourite meal, for dinner last night.

1. whom
2. whose
3. which
4. who

Goals

• Practice: I understand what the Past perfect is and when it is used.
  
• Practice: I understand how to use the past perfect in combination with  the past simple. 
• Practice: I can use the past perfect and past simple together. 
• Practice: I can use relative pronouns in a sentence.