This lesson contains 29 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 3 videos.
Lesson duration is: 50 min
Items in this lesson
Memo hm 2 TTO
CH4 War, revolution and economic crisis
4.2.1 The First World War 1/2
Slide 1 - Slide
The First World War
1914-1918
Slide 2 - Slide
Learning objectives
Learning objectives 4.2.1
1) I can name the event that triggered the First World War.
2) I can explain how the First World War became a global war.
3) I can describe that the First World War was a modern war.
4) I can explain what trench warfare is.
5) I can mention weapons that were first used in the First World War.
In know the terms and dates of this (sub)section.
Slide 3 - Slide
What are the four causes for the First World War?
A
alliances, arms race, modern imperialism and rationalism
B
alliances, arms race, modern imperialism and nationalism
C
alliances, feminism, modern imperialism and rationalism
D
alliances, feminism, modern imperialism and nationalism
Slide 4 - Quiz
Which countries belonged to the Central Powers (Triple Alliance)?
A
Austria-Hungary, Engeland, France, Ottoman Empire
B
Austria-Hungary, England, Italy, Ottoman Empire
C
France, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire
D
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire
Slide 5 - Quiz
Which country did not belong to the Allied Powers (Triple Entente)?
A
England
B
France
C
Netherlands
D
Russia
Slide 6 - Quiz
Slide 7 - Video
Direct cause (trigger) of the First World War
Gavrilo Princip assassinates Franz-Ferdinand and his wife
28th of June 1914
Slide 8 - Slide
0
Slide 9 - Video
First World War
After the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, a conflict arose with Serbia.
This caused a chain reaction.
Shortly afterwards, almost all European countries declared war on each other because of the system of alliances.
Slide 10 - Slide
First World War
Because European countries went to war, their colonies and countries in other parts of the world also became involved in the war and the war turned into a global war (= a world war).
Slide 11 - Slide
A modern war
The First World War was a modern war because:
fighting was done with modern weapons;
governments turned their countries economies into war economies.
Slide 12 - Slide
We will be victorious!
Everywhere in Europe people were enthusiastic for the war:
We will be home again before Christmas!
Slide 13 - Slide
Alliances (until 1917)
Allies: France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Serbia
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Front lines WWI in Europe 1914-1918
Slide 14 - Slide
Von Schlieffenplan
Germany was enclosed between two enemies: France and Russia.
To prevent a two-front war, the Germans wanted to quickly defeat France first and then move their armies to the east to fight Russia.
Slide 15 - Slide
Trench warfare
The German advance came to a halt in the north of France and Belgium.
Fighting in the open field with powerful modern weapons like the machine gun was suicide. Trenches were dug on both sides of the front.
Slide 16 - Slide
Trench warfare
Generals believed that mass attacks from the trenches were effective. This was rarely the case: soldiers became cannon fodder.
Slide 17 - Slide
No man's land
Slide 18 - Slide
Von Schlieffenplan
Because the German advance got stopped in the West and the Russians mobilised sooner than expected, the Von Schlieffenplan failed. The war became a stalemate. Neither of the alliances was able to break through the lines of the opposing side.
Slide 19 - Slide
Slide 20 - Video
New weapons
poison gas
airships (zeppelins)
airplanes
flame throwers
tanks
submarines
Slide 21 - Slide
Poison gas
Poisonous gases were used to create panic among the enemy troops with the aim of them leaving the trenches.
These attacks caused burns, temporary blindness and anxiety. When the use of gasmasks increased they became less effective.
Slide 22 - Slide
Airships
To better observe the battlefield,
airships were used to locate the enemy trenches.
Apart from observation, Zeppelins (German airships) were
also used for bombing (Antwerp and London).
Slide 23 - Slide
Airplanes
Airplanes were too primitive to ensure a real breakthrough in the war, but the world experienced the first aerial bombings and battles.
Slide 24 - Slide
Flame thrower
Like poison gas the flame thrower was used to cause panic.
Burning gasoline was sprayed, sometimes over distances
of hundreds of meters, over the battlefield
Slide 25 - Slide
Tanks
Tanks were first deployed at the Battle of Flers on 15 September 1916 as part of The Somme offensive. Although they were initially unreliable, slow and of limited number, tanks re-introduced mobility to a stagnated war, taking over the role of cavalry.
Slide 26 - Slide
Submarines
Submarines had been around since the 19th century, but in the First World War they were used in great numbers for the first time (especially by Germany).
With the Unrestricted Submarine War (1915/1917) Germany tried to sink all ships (war-, merchant- and passenger ships)
Slide 27 - Slide
Learning objectives
Learning objectives 4.2.1
1) I can name the event that triggered the First World War.
2) I can explain how the First World War became a global war.
3) I can describe that the First World War was a modern war.
4) I can explain what trench warfare is.
5) I can mention weapons that were first used in the First World War.
I know the keywords and dates of this (sub)section.
Slide 28 - Slide
Get to work
What? See whiteboard.
How? Alone
Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher.