CH4 sec. 4.2.1 The First World War 1/2

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CH4 War, revolution and economic crisis

4.2.1 The First World War 1/2

The First World War

1914-1918

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 4.2.1

1) I can name the event that triggered the First World War.

2) I can explain how the First World War became a global war.

3) I can describe that the First World War was a modern war.

4) I can explain what trench warfare is.

5) I can mention weapons that were first used in the First World War.

In know the terms and dates of this (sub)section.

What are the four causes for the First World War?

1. alliances, arms race, modern imperialism and rationalism
2. alliances, arms race, modern imperialism and nationalism
3. alliances, feminism, modern imperialism and rationalism
4. alliances, feminism, modern imperialism and nationalism

Which countries belonged to the Central Powers (Triple Alliance)?

1. Austria-Hungary, Engeland, France, Ottoman Empire
2. Austria-Hungary, England, Italy, Ottoman Empire
3. France, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire
4. Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire

Which country did not belong to the Allied Powers (Triple Entente)?

1. England
2. France
3. Netherlands
4. Russia

Direct cause (trigger) of the First World War

Gavrilo Princip assassinates Franz-Ferdinand and his wife

28th of June 1914

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First World War

After the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, a conflict arose with Serbia.

This caused a chain reaction.

Shortly afterwards, almost all European countries declared war on each other because of the system of alliances.

First World War

Because European countries went to war, their colonies and countries in other parts of the world also became involved in the war and the war turned into a global war (= a world war).

A modern war

The First World War was a modern war because:

• fighting was done with modern weapons;
• governments turned their countries economies into war economies.

We will be victorious!

Everywhere in Europe people were enthusiastic for the war: 

We will be home again before Christmas!

Alliances (until 1917)

Allies: France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Serbia

Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Front lines WWI in Europe 1914-1918

Von Schlieffenplan

Germany was enclosed between two enemies: France and Russia.

To prevent a two-front war, the Germans wanted to quickly defeat France first and then move their armies to the east to fight Russia.

Trench warfare

The German advance came to a halt in the north of France and Belgium.

Fighting in the open field with powerful modern weapons like the machine gun was suicide. Trenches were dug on both sides of the front.

Trench warfare

Generals believed that mass attacks from the trenches were effective. This was rarely the case: soldiers became cannon fodder.

No man's land

Von Schlieffenplan

Because the German advance got stopped in the West and the Russians mobilised sooner than expected, the Von Schlieffenplan failed. The war became a stalemate. Neither of the alliances was able to break through the lines of the opposing side.

New weapons

• poison gas
• airships (zeppelins)
• airplanes
• flame throwers
• tanks
  
• submarines

Poison gas

Poisonous gases were used to create panic among the enemy troops with the aim of them leaving the trenches. 

These attacks caused burns, temporary blindness and anxiety. When the use of gasmasks increased they became less effective. 

Airships

To better observe the battlefield,

airships were used to locate the enemy trenches. 

Apart from observation, Zeppelins (German airships) were

also used for bombing (Antwerp and London).

Airplanes

Airplanes were too primitive to ensure a real breakthrough in the war, but the world experienced the first aerial bombings and battles.

Flame thrower

Like poison gas the flame thrower was used to cause panic.

Burning gasoline was sprayed, sometimes over distances

of hundreds of meters, over the battlefield

Tanks

Tanks were first deployed at the Battle of Flers on 15 September 1916 as part of The Somme offensive. Although they were initially unreliable, slow and of limited number, tanks re-introduced mobility to a stagnated war, taking over the role of cavalry.

Submarines

Submarines had been around since the 19th century, but in the First World War they were used in great numbers for the first time (especially by Germany).

With the Unrestricted Submarine War (1915/1917) Germany tried to sink all ships (war-, merchant- and passenger ships)

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 4.2.1

1) I can name the event that triggered the First World War.

2) I can explain how the First World War became a global war.

3) I can describe that the First World War was a modern war.

4) I can explain what trench warfare is.

5) I can mention weapons that were first used in the First World War.

I know the keywords and dates of this (sub)section.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.