CH4 sec. 4.2.2 The First World War 2/2

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CH4 War, revolution and economic crisis

4.2.2 The First World War 2/2

The First World War

1914-1918

What was the direct cause for the outbreak of the First World War?

1. alliances
2. arms race
3. assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
4. nationalism

Which countries belonged to the Central Powers (Triple Alliance)?

1. Austria-Hungary, Engeland, France, Ottoman Empire
2. Austria-Hungary, England, Italy, Ottoman Empire
3. France, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire
4. Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire

Which country did not belong to the Allied Powers (Triple Entente)?

1. England
2. France
3. Netherlands
4. Russia

Which weapons were first used during the First World War?

1. airplanes, flame throwers, poison gas, tanks
2. airplanes, machine guns, poison gas, tanks
3. airplanes, flame throwers, machine guns, tanks
4. flame throwers, machine guns, poison gas, tanks

How do we call a war in which soldiers of both sides are dug in along the front in narrow ditches and tunnels in the ground?

1. civil war
2. mobile war
3. modern war
4. trench war

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 4.2.1

6) I can give several reasons why 1917 was an important year in the First World War.

7) I can explain why Germany lost the war.

8) I can explain what the the aim was of the Treaty of Versailles.

9) I can name three measures with which Germany was punished after the First World War.

10) I can give three reasons why many Germans disagreed with the Treaty of Versailles.

I know the terms and dates of this (sub)section.

Turning point of the war:  1917

Russian Revolution

1917

Czar (emperor) of Russia, Nicolas II, gave up the throne.

Communists led by Lenin took over power in October 1917. 

Lenin signed a peace treaty with Germany.

The United States 

get involved in the war 

April 1917

End of the War

• Germany loses the war:
  

     - 1918 Germany ran out of supplies,                 weapons and soldiers.

     - 1918 100,000's of US soldiers arrived.

       Central Powers couldn't compete 

       with the power of the Allies.

• 11-11-1918 at 11:00 An armistice (wapenstilstand) signed with Germany came into effect. End of WWI.

End of the War

• Germany loses the war:
  

     - 1918 Germany ran out of supplies,                 weapons and soldiers.

     - 1918 100,000's of US soldiers arrived.

       Central Powers couldn't compete 

       with the power of the Allies.

• 11-11-1918 at 11:00 An armistice (= wapenstilstand) signed with Germany came into effect. End of WWI.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919. 

Main terms:

• Germany primarily responsible for the war;
• Germany had to pay war reparations (132 billion gold marks!) = money that a defeated nation had to pay to the victors after a war;
• Germany had to disarm (small army and navy, no air force);
• Germany had to give up land to France and other countries;
• Germany lost its colonies.

Treaty of Versailles

Germans unhappy:

• The Allied Powers weren't held responsible 

      for causing the war.

• War reparations ruined the economy. 
• Because there was no free press (censorship) 

     during WWI, many Germans believed they could 

     have won the war. Germans believed that they had 

     been betrayed by the German government that took

     over power from the German Emperor.

Why was 1917 an important year in WWI?

1. U.S. left the war, Russia joined the Allied Powers.
2. U.S. left the war, Russia joined the Central Powers.
3. Russia left the war, U.S. joined the Allied Powers.
4. Russia left the war, U.S. joined the Central Powers.

What wasn't one of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

1. The German Emperor needed to give up the throne.
2. Germany needed to pay war reparations.
3. German soldiers couldn't enter the Rhineland.
4. Germany couldn't have an airforce.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.